The use of artificial intelligence has played an important role in science teaching and learning. The purpose of this study was to fill a gap in the current review of research on AI in science education (AISE) in the early stage of education by systematically reviewing existing research in this area. This systematic review examined the trends and research foci of AI in the science of early stages of education. This review study employed a bibliometric analysis and content analysis to examine the characteristics of 76 studies on Artificial Intelligence in Science Education (AISE) indexed in Web of Science and Scopus from 2013 to 2023. The analytical tool CiteSpace was utilized for the analysis. The study aimed to provide an overview of the development level of AISE and identify major research trends, keywords, research themes, high-impact journals, institutions, countries/regions, and the impact of AISE studies. The results, based on econometric analyses, indicate that AISE has experienced increasing influence over the past decade. Cluster and timeline analyses of the retrieved keywords revealed that AI in primary and secondary science education can be categorized into 11 main themes, and the chronology of their emergence was identified. Among the most prolific journals in this field are the International Journal of Social Robotics, Educational Technology Research and Development, and others. Furthermore, the analysis identified that institutions and countries/regions located primarily in the United States have made the most significant contributions to AISE research. To explore the learning outcomes and overall impact of AI technologies on learners in primary and secondary schools, content analysis was conducted, identifying five main categories of technology applications. This study provides valuable insights into the advancements and implications of AI in science education at the primary and secondary levels.

人工智能的使用在科学教学中发挥了重要作用。本研究的目的是通过系统回顾该领域的现有研究，填补当前教育早期科学教育中的人工智能（AISE）研究综述的空白。本系统综述探讨了人工智能在早期教育科学中的趋势和研究重点。本综述研究采用文献计量分析和内容分析的方法，考察了 2013 年至 2023 年 Web of Science 和 Scopus 索引的 76 篇科学教育中的人工智能 (AISE) 研究的特征。分析工具 CiteSpace 进行了分析。本研究旨在概述AISE的发展水平，识别主要研究趋势、关键词、研究主题、高影响力期刊、机构、国家/地区以及AISE研究的影响。基于计量经济学分析的结果表明，AISE 在过去十年中的影响力不断增强。对检索到的关键词进行聚类和时间线分析表明，中小学科学教育中的人工智能可分为11个主题，并确定了它们出现的时间顺序。该领域最多产的期刊包括《International Journal of Social Robotics》、《Educational Technology Research and Development》等。此外，分析还发现，主要位于美国的机构和国家/地区对 AISE 研究做出了最重大的贡献。为了探讨人工智能技术对中小学学习者的学习成果和整体影响，我们进行了内容分析，确定了技术应用的五个主要类别。这项研究为人工智能在中小学科学教育中的进步和影响提供了宝贵的见解。