Cell death is a natural consequence of infection. However, although the induction of cell death was solely thought to benefit the pathogen, compelling data now show that the activation of cell death pathways serves as a nuanced antimicrobial strategy that couples pathogen elimination with the generation of inflammatory cytokines and the priming of innate and adaptive cellular immunity. Following cell death, the phagocytic uptake of the infected dead cell by antigen-presenting cells and the subsequent lysosomal fusion of the apoptotic body containing the pathogen serve as an important antimicrobial mechanism that furthers the development of downstream adaptive immune responses. Despite the complexity of regulated cell death pathways, pathogens are highly adept at evading them. Here, we provide an overview of the remarkable diversity of cell death and efferocytic pathways and discuss illustrative examples of virulence strategies employed by pathogens, including oral pathogens, to counter their activation and persist within the host.

中文翻译：

---

因故而死：细胞死亡和细胞通路的致病操纵

细胞死亡是感染的自然结果。然而，尽管细胞死亡的诱导仅被认为对病原体有益，但现在令人信服的数据表明，细胞死亡途径的激活是一种微妙的抗菌策略，它将病原体的消除与炎症细胞因子的产生以及先天性和适应性的启动结合起来。细胞免疫。细胞死亡后，抗原呈递细胞吞噬受感染的死细胞，以及随后含有病原体的凋亡体的溶酶体融合，作为重要的抗菌机制，促进下游适应性免疫反应的发展。尽管受调控的细胞死亡途径很复杂，但病原体却非常善于逃避它们。在这里，我们概述了细胞死亡和细胞途径的显着多样性，并讨论了病原体（包括口腔病原体）所采用的毒力策略的说明性示例，以对抗其激活并在宿主体内持续存在。