The current study compared the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) and electroencephalographic biofeedback (EEG-BF) on sleep, mood, and reaction time. Fourteen highly trained male athletes with sleep disturbances participated in this randomised crossover study. Participants took part in HRV-BF and EEG-BF training, with each condition consisting of eight sessions over 15 days. Polysomnography (PSG) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used to assess sleep quality, the profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire to monitor mood, and reaction time to measure performance pre and post intervention. HRV-BF training improved PSG sleep efficiency (SE) (P = 0.022, d = 0.35, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16) and subjective sleep duration (P = 0.011, ES = 0.40) when compared to EEG-BF. Only HRV-BF reduced reaction time pre to post biofeedback training (P = 0.020, d = 0.75, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.059). The PSQI showed that both HRV-BF (P = 0.025, ES = 0.31) and EEG-BF (P = 0.003, ES = 0.32) resulted in improved global PSQI scores. Total mood disturbance was also reduced though HRV-BF (P = 0.001, ES = 0.40) and EEG-BF (P = 0.001, ES = 0.30). HRV-BF and EEG-BF enhanced some subjective parameters of sleep and mood. HRV-BF increased PSG SE and subjective sleep duration more than EEG-BF in highly trained athletes with sleep disturbances.

目前的研究比较了心率变异性生物反馈（HRV-BF）和脑电图生物反馈（EEG-BF）对睡眠、情绪和反应时间的影响。十四名训练有素、患有睡眠障碍的男性运动员参加了这项随机交叉研究。参与者参加了 HRV-BF 和 EEG-BF 训练，每种情况包括 15 天内的 8 次训练。多导睡眠图（PSG）和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）用于评估睡眠质量，情绪状态概况（POMS）问卷用于监测情绪，反应时间用于测量干预前后的表现。 与 EEG-BF 相比，HRV-BF 训练改善了 PSG 睡眠效率 (SE)（P  = 0.022，d  = 0.35，95% CI 0.01 至 0.16）和主观睡眠持续时间（P = 0.011，ES = 0.40）。只有 HRV-BF 缩短了生物反馈训练前后的反应时间（P  = 0.020，d  = 0.75，95% CI 0.006 至 0.059）。PSQI 显示 HRV-BF（P  = 0.025，ES = 0.31）和 EEG-BF（P  = 0.003，ES = 0.32）均导致整体 PSQI 得分提高。通过 HRV-BF（ P  = 0.001，ES = 0.40）和 EEG-BF（P  = 0.001，ES = 0.30），总体情绪障碍也有所减少。HRV-BF 和 EEG-BF 增强了睡眠和情绪的一些主观参数。对于训练有素且患有睡眠障碍的运动员，HRV-BF 比 EEG-BF 更能增加 PSG SE 和主观睡眠持续时间。