Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney neoplasm. Localized RCC can be cured with nephrectomy. However, a proportion of patients will recur with incurable distant metastatic disease. There is a clear need for treatments to reduce the risk of RCC recurrence and thus improve survival. This review describes the landscape of perioperative therapy for RCC, focusing on more recent trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

中文翻译：

---

肾细胞癌的围手术期全身治疗。

肾细胞癌（RCC）是最常见的肾脏肿瘤。局限性肾细胞癌可以通过肾切除术治愈。然而，一部分患者会出现无法治愈的远处转移性疾病复发。显然需要治疗来降低肾细胞癌复发的风险，从而提高生存率。这篇综述描述了肾细胞癌围手术期治疗的概况，重点关注最近涉及免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）的试验。