The ability to differentiate into cells of different lineages, such as bone cells, is the principal value of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be used with the final aim of regenerating damaged tissue. Due to its potential use and importance in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, several questions have been raised regarding the molecular mechanisms of MSC differentiation. As one of the crucial mediators in organism development, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily directs MSCs’ commitment to selecting differentiation pathways. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge on the mechanisms of the TGF-β superfamily in MSCs bone differentiation, with additional insight into the mutual regulation of microRNAs and TGF-β in osteogenesis.

分化成不同谱系细胞（例如骨细胞）的能力是成体间充质干细胞（MSC）的主要价值，其最终目的是再生受损组织。由于其在再生医学和组织工程中的潜在用途和重要性，人们对 MSC 分化的分子机制提出了一些问题。作为生物体发育的关键介质之一，转化生长因子-β (TGF-β) 超家族指导 MSC 致力于选择分化途径。本综述旨在概述目前关于 TGF-β 超家族在 MSC 骨分化中的机制的知识，并进一步深入了解 microRNA 和 TGF-β 在成骨过程中的相互调节。