Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) have been demonstrated to enhance inhibitory control function in healthy individuals separately. However, the potential benefits of combining these two interventions have yet to be fully explored. In this study, we aimed to use multiple event-related potential (ERP) components (P200, N200, and N450) to investigate the combined effects of tDCS and AE on the improvement of inhibitory control ability in healthy young adults. We evaluated the influence of this combined intervention on cognitive tasks involving inhibitory control function and basic information processing by performing the Stroop Word Color task. Our results showed that compared to the application of tDCS or AE alone, the combined intervention of tDCS and AE had a greater effect on improving inhibitory control function in healthy young adults. The amplitude of P200, N200, and N450 ERP components also changed more significantly during the Stroop Word Color task. We concluded that the mechanism of tDCS combined with AE in improving inhibitory control ability may involve synergistic effects on brain structures at different levels, such as regulating interactions at the reticular activating system level and activating corresponding brain regions at the medial frontal lobe and frontal lobe levels.

经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）和有氧运动（AE）已被证明可以分别增强健康个体的抑制控制功能。然而，将这两种干预措施结合起来的潜在好处尚未得到充分探索。在本研究中，我们旨在使用多个事件相关电位（ERP）成分（P200、N200 和 N450）来研究 tDCS 和 AE 对改善健康年轻人抑制控制能力的联合作用。我们通过执行 Stroop Word Color 任务评估了这种联合干预对涉及抑制控制功能和基本信息处理的认知任务的影响。我们的结果表明，与单独应用 tD​​CS 或 AE 相比，tDCS 和 AE 联合干预对改善健康年轻人的抑制控制功能有更大的效果。在 Stroop Word Color 任务中，P200、N200 和 N450 ERP 组件的幅度也发生了更显着的变化。我们的结论是，tDCS联合AE提高抑制控制能力的机制可能涉及对不同水平的大脑结构的协同作用，例如调节网状激活系统水平的相互作用以及激活内侧额叶和额叶水平的相应大脑区域。