In ancient Egypt, lakes, canals, and other water bodies were an essential part of the sacred landscape in which temples were embedded. In recent years, geoarchaeological research at the site of the Temple of Bastet at Bubastis in the southeastern Nile Delta has proven the existence of two water canals surrounding the temple. It has now been investigated whether these canals were connected to the Temple of Pepi I (2300–2250 B.C.E.), located approximately 100 m to the west of the Temple of Bastet. To explore the Holocene landscape genesis of the Temple of Pepi I, 15 drillings and six geoelectrical profile lines were performed in the surroundings of the temple in spring 2022. The results show loamy to clayey sediments in deeper sections of all drillings with a maximum thickness of 1.70 m, indicating a marshy or swampy depositional environment. Based on the recovered sediment sequences and archaeological remains in the vicinity of the Temple of Pepi I, the marshy or swampy area existed before the Fourth Dynasty. During the Old Kingdom (ca. 2850–2180 B.C.E.), the former marshland either dried up through natural processes or was intentionally drained and filled with sediments for subsequent use for occupation. Regarding the original research question, there is as yet no evidence for a direct connection to the canals of the Temple of Bastet.

中文翻译：

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尼罗河三角洲东南部古布巴斯提斯佩皮一世神庙周围全新世景观重建


在古埃及，湖泊、运河和其他水体是寺庙所在的神圣景观的重要组成部分。近年来，对尼罗河三角洲东南部布巴斯蒂斯巴斯特神庙遗址的地质考古研究证明，神庙周围存在两条水渠。现在正在调查这些运河是否与佩皮一世神庙（公元前 2300-2250 年）相连，佩皮一世神庙位于巴斯特神庙以西约 100 米处。为了探索佩皮一世神庙的全新世地貌成因，2022 年春季，在神庙周围进行了 15 次钻孔和 6 条地电剖面线。结果显示，所有钻孔的较深处都有壤质到粘土沉积物，最大厚度为1.70米，表明为沼泽或沼泽沉积环境。根据佩皮一世神庙附近恢复的沉积物序列和考古遗迹，该沼泽或沼泽地区在第四王朝之前就已存在。在古王国时期（约公元前 2850 年至公元前 2180 年），以前的沼泽地要么因自然过程而干涸，要么被有意排干并填充沉积物以供随后使用。关于最初的研究问题，目前还没有证据表明与巴斯特神庙的运河有直接联系。