Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and its effects mostly continue to adulthood. Neurofeedback training has shown promising results in the treatment of ADHD. However, there is no yet consensus as to the efficacy of neurofeedback in comparison to stimulant medication. Despite a large number of meta-analyses and comparative reviews on the effects of neurofeedback in the treatment of ADHD, there is a lack of comparative reviews on the efficacy of neurofeedback protocols. This review aims at examining the effect of different training protocols on the efficacy of neurofeedback in the treatment of ADHD across specific research studies published between 2017 and 2022. Altogether, a total of 916 records were identified and 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that the efficacy of different neurofeedback protocols has been comparable to the efficacy of stimulant medications. Nevertheless, there is still room for more clinical trials on neurofeedback protocols for ADHD since some studies suggest not using neurofeedback as a stand-alone treatment for ADHD. To my knowledge, this systematic review is the first to review neurofeedback protocols for ADHD. This study provides significant implications and directions for researchers to conduct research, on alternatives to stimulant medications for ADHD, in the future.

注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童期常见的神经发育障碍，其影响大多会持续到成年期。神经反馈训练在治疗多动症方面显示出有希望的结果。然而，关于神经反馈与兴奋剂药物相比的功效尚未达成共识。尽管对神经反馈治疗多动症的效果进行了大量荟萃分析和比较评论，但缺乏对神经反馈方案疗效的比较评论。本综述旨在通过 2017 年至 2022 年发表的具体研究研究不同的训练方案对神经反馈治疗 ADHD 的功效的影响。总共确定了 916 条记录，其中 18 篇文章符合纳入标准。研究结果表明，不同神经反馈方案的功效与兴奋剂药物的功效相当。尽管如此，关于多动症的神经反馈方案仍有进行更多临床试验的空间，因为一些研究表明不要使用神经反馈作为多动症的独立治疗方法。据我所知，这项系统综述是第一次审查多动症的神经反馈方案。这项研究为研究人员未来开展 ADHD 兴奋剂药物替代品的研究提供了重要的启示和方向。