The study aimed to review differences in the presentation and outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) between men and women.

PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies comparing clinical features or outcomes of PE between men and women. Baseline comorbidities, risk factors, clinical features, and mortality rates were also compared between men and women.

Fourteen studies were included. It was noted that men presented with PE at a statistically significantly younger age than women (P < .001). Smoking history (P < .001), lung disease (P = .004), malignancy (P = .02), and unprovoked PE (P = .004) were significantly more frequent among men than among women. There was no difference between the sexes for hypertension, diabetes, and a history of recent immobilization. A significantly higher proportion of men presented with chest pain (P = .02) and hemoptysis (P < .001), whereas syncope (P = .005) was more frequent in women. Compared with men, women had a higher proportion of high-risk PE (P = .003). There was no difference in the use of thrombolytic therapy or inferior vena cava filter. Neither crude nor adjusted mortality rates were significantly different between men and women.

This review found that the age at presentation, comorbidities, and symptoms of PE differed between men and women. Limited data also suggest that women more frequently had high-risk PE compared with men, but the use of thrombolytic therapy did not differ between the 2 sexes. Importantly, both crude and adjusted data show that the mortality rate did not differ between men and women.

该研究旨在回顾男性和女性急性肺栓塞（PE）的表现和结果的差异。

检索了 PubMed、CENTRAL、Web of Science 和 Embase，以查找比较男性和女性 PE 临床特征或结果的研究。还比较了男性和女性的基线合并症、危险因素、临床特征和死亡率。

包括十四项研究。值得注意的是，男性患 PE 的年龄在统计学上显着低于女性 ( P < .001)。男性吸烟史 ( P < .001)、肺部疾病 ( P = .004)、恶性肿瘤 ( P = .02) 和无端肺栓塞 ( P = .004) 的发生率明显高于女性。高血压、糖尿病和近期活动史方面，男女之间没有差异。出现胸痛 ( P = .02) 和咯血 ( P < .001) 的男性比例明显较高，而女性晕厥 ( P = .005) 的比例更高。与男性相比，女性发生高危 PE 的比例更高 ( P = .003)。溶栓治疗或下腔静脉滤器的使用没有差异。男性和女性之间的粗死亡率和调整后死亡率均没有显着差异。

本综述发现男性和女性的 PE 发病年龄、合并症和症状不同。有限的数据还表明，与男性相比，女性更容易患高危肺栓塞，但溶栓治疗的使用在两性之间没有差异。重要的是，粗略数据和调整后数据都表明，男性和女性的死亡率没有差异。