: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by hyperglycemia, and caused by a lack of insulin secretion. At present there is no cure for T1D and patients are dependent on exogenous insulin for lifelong, which seriously affects their lives. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated to β cell-like cells to rescue the secretion of insulin and reconstruct immunotolerance to preserve the function of islet β cells. Due to the higher proportion of children and adolescents in T1D patients, the efficacy and safety issue of the application of MSC’s transplant in T1D was primarily demonstrated and identified by human clinical trials in this review. Then we clarified the mechanism of MSCs to relieve the symptom of T1D and found out that UC-MSCs have no obvious advantage over the other types of MSCs, the autologous MSCs from BM or menstrual blood with less expanded ex vivo could be the better choice for clinical application to treat with T1D through documentary analysis. Finally, we summarized the advances of MSCs with different interventions such as genetic engineering in the treatment of T1D, and demonstrated the advantages and shortage of MSCs intervened by different treatments in the transplantation, which may enhance the clinical efficacy and overcome the shortcomings in the application of MSCs to T1D in future.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞移植治疗 1 型糖尿病：当前进展和未来机遇

：1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 的特点是高血糖，由胰岛素分泌不足引起。目前T1D尚无治愈方法，患者终生依赖外源性胰岛素，严重影响患者的生活。间充质干细胞（MSC）可以分化为β细胞样细胞，以挽救胰岛素的分泌并重建免疫耐受性，以保留胰岛β细胞的功能。由于T1D患者中儿童和青少年比例较高，本综述主要通过人体临床试验来论证和确定MSC移植应用于T1D的有效性和安全性问题。然后我们阐明了MSC缓解T1D症状的机制，发现UC-MSC与其他类型的MSC相比没有明显优势，来自BM或经血的自体MSC，离体扩增较少，可能是更好的选择通过文献分析治疗T1D的临床应用。最后，我们总结了MSCs采用基因工程等不同干预手段治疗T1D的进展，论证了不同治疗手段干预的MSCs在移植中的优势和不足，可提高临床疗效，克服应用中的不足。未来将 MSC 转化为 T1D。