The sunflower plants are attacked by serious seed and soil-borne pathogens including charcoal rot disease that caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. This disease has serious damages to sunflower crop. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus against charcoal rot disease as fungicide alternative. Morphological and molecular identification was done, using universal primers for molecular identification. Finally, a greenhouse experiment was conducted, and the length and weight of the plant shoot and root as well as disease incidence and severity percentages were estimated for the treatments infected with the M. phaseolina pathogen. The results showed that molecular identification indicates their subordination to Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Funneliformis mosseae. The greenhouse experiment showed that combined inoculation treatments (C. etunicatum + F. mosseae and C. etunicatum + F. mosseae + M.phaseolina) had the highest averages of length and weight of the plant shoot and root in the non-infected and pathogen-infected (M. phaseolina) treatments. F. mosseae and F. mosseae + M.phaseolina treatments had better effects on plant growth. M. phaseolina pathogen had suppression effects than the C. etunicatum inoculum (C. etunicatum and C. etunicatum + M. phaseolina treatments). The disease incidence and severity percentages decreased significantly in the inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants. F. mosseae inoculum showed more efficiency in reducing DI and DS than C. etunicatum inoculum, while adding both, resulting in an extra significant reduction. The combined inoculation, which functions as a biofungicide and a biofertilizer, presented a viable biocontrol technique for crop protection. Such the AM fungi treatments are considered good and biological safe. The symbiotic relationship of AM fungi with plants can also be utilized to gain successful management of agricultural against soil-borne diseases for getting rid of the negative effects of pesticides.

中文翻译：

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一些菌根真菌分离株对抗炭腐病的有效性评价

向日葵植物受到严重的种子和土传病原体的侵袭，包括由Macrophhomina Phaseolina引起的木炭腐病。该病害对向日葵作物危害严重。本研究旨在评估丛枝菌根真菌作为杀菌剂替代品对抗木炭腐病的功效。使用用于分子鉴定的通用引物进行形态学和分子鉴定。最后，进行了温室实验，并估计了感染了菜豆病原体的处理的植物芽和根的长度和重量以及发病率和严重程度百分比。结果表明，分子鉴定表明它们隶属于Claroideoglomus etunicatum和Funneliformis mosseae。温室实验表明，联合接种处理（C. etunicatum + F. mosseae 和 C. etunicatum + F. mosseae + M.phaseolina）在未感染和病原菌中具有最高的植物芽和根的平均长度和重量。 -感染（M. Phaseolina）治疗。F. mosseae 和 F. mosseae + M.phaseolina 处理对植物生长有较好的效果。菜豆病原菌比接种的菜豆（菜豆和菜豆+菜豆处理）具有抑制效果。与未接种植物相比，接种植物的发病率和严重程度百分比显着降低。F. mosseae 接种物在减少 DI 和 DS 方面表现出比 C. etunicatum 接种物更高的效率，同时添加两者，导致额外显着的减少。这种联合接种具有生物杀菌剂和生物肥料的作用，为作物保护提供了一种可行的生物防治技术。这种 AM 真菌处理被认为是良好且生物安全的。AM真菌与植物的共生关系还可用于成功管理农业土传病害，消除农药的负面影响。