Introduction Evidence supporting cardiovascular diseases could increase the risk of dementia remains fragmented. A comprehensive study to illuminate the distinctive associations across different dementia types is still lacking. This study is sought to: (1) determine the clinical validity of Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) for dementia assessment and (2) examine the associations between cardiovascular diseases and the risk of dementia. Methods A total of 432 079 dementia-free individuals at baseline from UK Biobank were included. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the prospective associations for FGCRS and a series of cardiovascular diseases with all-cause dementia (ACD) and its major components, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Results During a median follow-up of 110.1 months, 4711 individuals were diagnosed with dementia. FGCRS was associated with increased risks across the dementia spectrum. In stratification analysis, high-risk groups have demonstrated the greatest dementia burdens, particularly to VaD. Over 74 traits, 9 adverse associations, such as chronic ischaemic heart disease (ACD: HR=1.354; AD: HR=1.269; VaD: HR=1.768), atrioventricular block (ACD: HR=1.562; AD: HR=1.556; VaD: HR=2.069), heart failure (ACD: HR=1.639; AD: HR=1.543; VaD: HR=2.141) and hypotension (ACD: HR=2.912; AD: HR=2.361; VaD: HR=3.315) were observed. Several distinctions were also found, with atrial fibrillation, cerebral infarction, and haemorrhage only associated with greater risks of ACD and VaD. Discussion By identifying distinctive associations between cardiovascular diseases and dementia, this study has established a comprehensive ‘mapping’ that may untangle the long-standing discrepancy. FGCRS has demonstrated its predictivity beyond cardiovascular diseases burdens, suggesting potential opportunities for implantation. Data are available on reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as online supplemental information. According to European law (General Data Protection Regulation), data containing potentially identifying or sensitive patients’ information are restricted. However, for academic researchers, data could be available on request via the UK Biobank.

中文翻译：

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心血管健康和血管事件与痴呆症的纵向关联

简介 支持心血管疾病可能增加痴呆风险的证据仍然零散。目前仍缺乏一项全面的研究来阐明不同痴呆类型之间的独特关联。本研究旨在：(1) 确定弗雷明汉一般心血管风险评分 (FGCRS) 用于痴呆症评估的临床有效性；(2) 检查心血管疾病与痴呆症风险之间的关联。方法 纳入了英国生物银行 (UK Biobank) 总共 432 079 名基线时无痴呆症的个体。使用多变量 Cox 比例风险模型研究 FGCRS 和一系列心血管疾病与全因痴呆 (ACD) 及其主要成分阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和血管性痴呆 (VaD) 的前瞻性关联。结果 在 110.1 个月的中位随访期间，4711 人被诊断患有痴呆症。FGCRS 与整个痴呆症谱系的风险增加相关。在分层分析中，高风险人群的痴呆症负担最大，尤其是 VaD。超过74个特征，9个不良关联，例如慢性缺血性心脏病（ACD：HR=1.354；AD：HR=1.269；VaD：HR=1.768）、房室传导阻滞（ACD：HR=1.562；AD：HR=1.556；VaD） ：HR=2.069）、心力衰竭（ACD：HR=1.639；AD：HR=1.543；VaD：HR=2.141）和低血压（ACD：HR=2.912；AD：HR=2.361；VaD：HR=3.315） 。还发现了一些区别，即心房颤动、脑梗塞和出血仅与 ACD 和 VaD 的较高风险相关。讨论 通过确定心血管疾病和痴呆之间的独特关联，本研究建立了一个全面的“图谱”，可以解决长期存在的差异。FGCRS 已证明其预测能力超出了心血管疾病负担，这表明了潜在的植入机会。可根据合理要求提供数据。与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为在线补充信息上传。根据欧洲法律（通用数据保护条例），包含潜在识别或敏感患者信息的数据受到限制。然而，对于学术研究人员来说，可以通过英国生物银行索取数据。