Using west-central Sardinia as a case study, this article explores how multi-scalar survey archaeology can be used to address questions of the intensity, nature, and scale of interaction in the Iron Age central Mediterranean. This large island played an important role in Mediterranean trade networks and was frequented and settled by Phoenicians, Carthaginians, and Romans, among others over the course of the first millennium BCE. These foreign groups interacted with local Nuragic people through trade, the exchange of ideas, and genetic admixing, which led to increasing connectivity over time. Large excavations at major colonial sites and genetic studies have reinforced the perception that interactions were felt most strongly in coastal regions, while inland communities remained more isolated. Our multi-scalar survey data, drawn from site-based survey at the inland nuraghe S’Urachi and regional survey in its surrounding territory (the Sinis Archaeological Project), supply information concerning how Iron Age interactions impacted inland rural communities. These data show how interaction transformed over time, as trade increased and agriculture intensified in response to external demands. Ultimately, we suggest that survey archaeology is an important tool for illuminating multi-scalar interaction in Sardinia and elsewhere.

中文翻译：

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接近铁器时代撒丁岛的相互作用：来自 Sinis 考古项目和 Progetto S'Urachi 的多标量调查证据

本文以撒丁岛中西部作为案例研究，探讨了如何使用多尺度调查考古学来解决铁器时代地中海中部相互作用的强度、性质和规模问题。这个大岛在地中海贸易网络中发挥着重要作用，在公元前第一个千年期间，腓尼基人、迦太基人和罗马人等经常光顾并定居。这些外国群体通过贸易、思想交流和基因混合与当地努拉吉人互动，随着时间的推移，联系不断增强。主要殖民遗址的大规模发掘和基因研究强化了这样一种看法，即沿海地区的相互作用最为强烈，而内陆社区仍然更加孤立。我们的多尺度调查数据取自内陆 nuraghe S'Urachi 的现场调查及其周边地区的区域调查（Sinis 考古项目），提供了有关铁器时代相互作用如何影响内陆农村社区的信息。这些数据显示了随着时间的推移，随着贸易的增加和农业的集约化以满足外部需求，互动如何发生变化。最终，我们认为调查考古学是阐明撒丁岛和其他地方多尺度相互作用的重要工具。