The microtubule cytoskeleton is required for several crucial cellular processes, including chromosome segregation, cell polarity and orientation, and intracellular transport. These functions rely on microtubule stability and dynamics, which are regulated by microtubule-binding proteins (MTBPs). One such type of regulator is the microtubule-severing enzymes (MSEs), which are ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities (AAA+ ATPases). The most recently identified family are the fidgetins, which contain three members: fidgetin, fidgetin-like 1 (FL1), and fidgetin-like 2 (FL2). Of the three known MSE families, the fidgetins have the most diverse range of functions in the cell, spanning mitosis/meiosis, development, cell migration, DNA repair, and neuronal function. Furthermore, they offer intriguing novel therapeutic targets for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and wound healing. In the two decades since their first report, there has been great progress in our understanding of the fidgetins; however, there is still much left unknown about this unusual family. This review aims to consolidate the present body of knowledge of the fidgetin family of MSEs and to inspire deeper exploration into the fidgetins and the MSEs as a whole.

中文翻译：

---

坐立不安家族：微管切断酶的颠覆

微管细胞骨架是几个关键细胞过程所必需的，包括染色体分离、细胞极性和方向以及细胞内运输。这些功能依赖于微管稳定性和动力学，而微管稳定性和动力学由微管结合蛋白（MTBP）调节。其中一种调节因子是微管切断酶 (MSE)，它们是与多种细胞活动相关的 ATP 酶 (AAA+ ATP 酶)。最近确定的家族是坐立不安，它包含三个成员：坐立不安、坐立不安样 1 (FL1) 和坐立不安样 2 (FL2)。在三个已知的 MSE 家族中，坐立不安蛋白在细胞中具有最多样化的功能，涵盖有丝分裂/减数分裂、发育、细胞迁移、DNA 修复和神经元功能。此外，它们还为癌症、心血管疾病和伤口愈合提供了有趣的新治疗靶点。自他们的第一份报告以来的二十年里，我们对坐立不安的理解有了很大的进步。然而，这个不寻常的家庭仍有很多未知之处。本综述旨在巩固坐立不安家族 MSE 的现有知识体系，并激发对坐立不安和 MSE 整体的更深入探索。