Background

No previous systematic review or meta-analysis has evaluated the effect of optimal time-restricted eating (TRE) interventions on cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. This meta-analysis aimed to illustrate the effect of a suitable TRE on CVD risk factors.

Methods

A systematic review was performed to identify trials reporting the effects of TRE, relative to non-diet controls, on CVD risk factors in humans. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the effect sizes, and the results are expressed as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the influence of the study population, age, duration of intervention, and baseline mean BMI on the effect of CVD indexes.

Results

TRE intervention significantly reduced systolic pressure (SBP) (MD: -3.45mmHg; 95%CI:(-6.20,-0.71) mmHg; P=0.01), body weight (MD: -1.63 Kg; 95%CI:(-2.09,-1.17) Kg; P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (MD: -0.47 Kg/m²; 95% CI: (-0.72, -0.22) Kg/m²; P<0.001), and fat mass (MD: -0.98 Kg; 95% CI: (-1.51,-0.44) Kg; P<0.001), and reduced blood glucose levels. Based on the results of subgroup analysis, this meta-analysis identified the optimal TRE for BP (with a 6 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and male participants with obesity and aged ≥ 45 years), obesity (with a 6 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and female participants aged ≥ 45 years), lipids (with an 8 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and male participants aged < 45 years), and glucose (with a 10-12 h feeding window, last eating time point at before 6 PM, and female participants aged < 45years).

Conclusions

Relative to a non-diet control, TRE is effective for the improvement of CVD risks. Moreover, individual TRE interventions should be developed for different populations to achieve the most effective health improvement for CVD risk factors.

中文翻译：

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针对血压、体重、脂肪量、血糖和血脂的最佳限时饮食干预措施：荟萃分析和系统评价

背景

之前没有系统评价或荟萃分析评估最佳限时饮食（TRE）干预措施对心血管（CVD）危险因素的影响。这项荟萃分析旨在说明合适的 TRE 对 CVD 危险因素的影响。

方法

我们进行了一项系统评价，以确定报告 TRE 相对于非饮食控制对人类 CVD 危险因素影响的试验。使用随机效应模型来评估效应大小，结果表示为平均差 (MD) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。进行亚组分析以检验研究人群、年龄、干预持续时间和基线平均 BMI 对 CVD 指标影响的影响。

结果

TRE干预显着降低收缩压（SBP）（MD：-3.45mmHg；95%CI：（-6.20，-0.71）mmHg；P=0.01）、体重（MD：-1.63 Kg；95%CI：（-2.09） ,-1.17) Kg; P<0.001)、体重指数 (BMI) (MD: -0.47 Kg/m ² ; 95% CI: (-0.72, -0.22) Kg/m ² ; P<0.001) 和脂肪体重（MD：-0.98 Kg；95% CI：（-1.51，-0.44）Kg；P<0.001），并降低血糖水平。根据亚组分析的结果，本荟萃分析确定了针对 BP 的最佳 TRE（喂养窗口为 6 小时，最后一次进食时间点为下午 6-8 点，男性肥胖且年龄≥ 45 岁）、肥胖（喂养窗口为 6 小时，最后进食时间点为下午 6-8 点，女性参与者年龄≥ 45 岁），血脂（喂养窗口为 8 小时，最后进食时间点为下午 6-8 点，男性参与者年龄 < 45 岁）和葡萄糖（喂食时间为 10-12 小时，最后一次进食时间点在下午 6 点之前，女性参与者年龄 < 45 岁）。

结论

相对于非饮食控制，TRE对于改善CVD风险是有效的。此外，应针对不同人群制定个体化的TRE干预措施，以针对CVD危险因素实现最有效的健康改善。