To sustain healthy forests in the United States, the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection and cooperators utilize integrated pest management (IPM) programs to prevent, suppress, and eradicate insect and disease outbreaks affecting trees across all land ownerships. Forest pest management projects supported by federal funding from 2011 to 2020 were assessed to determine the most frequently used project types, IPM strategies and tactics, identify the dominant forest pests and associated hosts managed, and identify the most comprehensive forest IPM programs in practice. Forest pest management projects were obtained primarily from two centralized databases and included 2,416 projects that treated a total of 2,284,624 ha. Two project types accounted for most of the forest pest projects (suppression: 63% and prevention: 30%). Native forest pests were targeted more (79%) than non-native pests (21%) in these projects; however, non-native pests accounted for more treatment areas. Forest pest projects were directed mostly at phloem-feeding insects (70%) and subsequently followed by foliage feeders (10%), sap feeders (6%), and all other pest groups (each < 5%), including diseases. Four IPM control strategies (silvicultural: 32%, semiochemical: 22%, chemical: 21%, and physical/mechanical: 18%) accounted for most of the forest pest projects. Foliage feeders possessed the most comprehensive IPM programs that adopted two or more types of control tactics. Few pest programs incorporated microbial/biopesticide control strategies and this represents an area where research is needed. In addition, better-centralized records are needed for genetic control projects, treatment efficacy, and survey and technical assistance activities.

中文翻译：

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评估美国森林病虫害综合治理十年（2011-2020）

为了维持美国森林的健康，美国农业部林务局、森林健康保护局和合作伙伴利用害虫综合管理 (IPM) 计划来预防、抑制和根除影响所有土地所有权树木的昆虫和疾病爆发。对 2011 年至 2020 年联邦资金支持的森林病虫害管理项目进行了评估，以确定最常用的项目类型、病虫害综合治理战略和战术，确定主要的森林病虫害和管理的相关宿主，并确定实践中最全面的森林病虫害综合治理计划。森林病虫害防治项目主要来自两个集中数据库，包括 2,416 个项目，处理面积总计 2,284,624 公顷。森林有害生物项目中，两类项目占最多（抑制：63%，预防：30%）。在这些项目中，本土森林害虫（79%）比非本土害虫（21%）更受打击；然而，非本地害虫占据了更多的治疗区域。森林害虫项目主要针对以韧皮部为食的昆虫（70%），随后是食叶昆虫（10%）、以汁液为食的昆虫（6%）和所有其他害虫类群（各<5%），包括病害。四种 IPM 控制策略（造林：32%，信息化学：22%，化学：21%，物理/机械：18%）占森林害虫项目的大部分。叶面喂食器拥有最全面的 IPM 方案，采用两种或多种控制策略。很少有害虫计划纳入微生物/生物农药控制策略，这是一个需要研究的领域。此外，遗传控制项目、治疗效果以及调查和技术援助活动需要更集中的记录。