Composite shear wall (CSW) system, which consists of a steel boundary frame and a steel panel with a reinforced concrete (RC) panel attached to one side of it using bolts, is commonly used in mid- to high-rise buildings. In a CSW system, RC panel functions as out-of-plane restraint to prevent overall buckling of steel panel, thereby enhancing system behavior. However, for a traditional CSW system, the RC panel is in direct contact with the steel boundary frame. The RC panel tends to crush under seismic loading, thereby leading to a weak constraint to steel panel buckling. The innovative CSW system, where a gap remained between steel boundary frame and RC panel, demonstrated better cyclic behavior than the traditional CSW system. Current studies aimed to investigate cyclic behavior, parameter effects, and determination of RC panel stiffness of CSW systems. In this paper, detailed FE models were developed for simulating cyclic behavior of both innovative and traditional CSW systems and validated by test results. FE models accurately predicted lateral load-drift response and failure patterns of both innovative and traditional CSW systems. System failure patterns and load-carrying mechanism of RC panels were discussed. The effects of major parameters, including steel panel thickness, RC panel thickness, ratio of bolt spacing to steel panel thickness, and gap between frame and RC panel, were examined using the validated models. Simulation results indicated that steel panel thickness contributed to increase the lateral strength and initial stiffness of both innovative and traditional CSW systems. Although RC panel thickness, ratio of bolt spacing to steel panel thickness, and gap between frame and RC panel had negligible effects on system strength and stiffness, they should also be carefully designed to ensure local stability of the steel panel and system ductility. Formulations were proposed for predicting the lateral strength of both innovative and traditional CSW systems. The average difference between calculated and test/simulated lateral strength was less than 3%.

中文翻译：

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创新和传统复合剪力墙系统的有限元模拟和强度评估

复合剪力墙（CSW）系统由钢边界框架和钢板组成，钢板的一侧用螺栓连接到钢筋混凝土（RC）板，通常用于中高层建筑。在 CSW 系统中，RC 面板起到平面外约束的作用，以防止钢板整体屈曲，从而增强系统性能。然而，对于传统的 CSW 系统，RC 面板与钢边界框架直接接触。RC面板在地震荷载作用下容易破碎，从而导致对钢板屈曲的约束较弱。创新的 CSW 系统在钢边界框架和 RC 面板之间留有间隙，表现出比传统 CSW 系统更好的循环性能。当前的研究旨在研究 CSW 系统的循环行为、参数效应和 RC 板刚度的确定。本文开发了详细的有限元模型，用于模拟创新和传统 CSW 系统的循环行为，并通过测试结果进行验证。有限元模型准确预测了创新和传统 CSW 系统的横向负载漂移响应和故障模式。讨论了 RC 面板的系统故障模式和承载机制。使用经过验证的模型检验了主要参数的影响，包括钢板厚度、RC 板厚度、螺栓间距与钢板厚度之比以及框架和 RC 板之间的间隙。模拟结果表明，钢板厚度有助于增加创新和传统 CSW 系统的横向强度和初始刚度。虽然RC板厚度、螺栓间距与钢板厚度之比、框架与RC板之间的间隙对系统强度和刚度的影响可以忽略不计，但也应仔细设计，以确保钢板的局部稳定性和系统的延性。提出了用于预测创新和传统 CSW 系统的横向强度的公式。计算的侧向强度与测试/模拟的侧向强度之间的平均差异小于 3%。