Circular migration has played a substantial role in the assimilation process of rural–urban migrants in Spain across the twentieth century. This paper analyses the short-term impact of the temporariness of this type of migration in the economic assimilation of migrants during the rural exodus, 1955–73. More specifically, I study this process in one key scenario – the Spanish tourism boom. Using a novel micro-dataset, results show that the temporariness was a key factor that constrained the capacity of migrants to achieve income growth. Thus, the incentives to persist with circular migratory movements and the socio-economic constraints on permanent settlement had significant adverse consequences. These migrants sorted into lower-income occupations and had lower incentives and chances to acquire host-specific human and social capital in comparison with permanent migrants. As a result, circular migrants registered lower occupational attainment leading to a higher income gap with natives and permanent migrants as the years of circular migration increased in number. These results indicate that most migrants had fewer chances than natives of taking advantage of the process of rapid structural change not solely because of lower human and social capital factors but also because of the temporariness of their migration.

中文翻译：

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从循环到永久：西班牙农村人口外流期间移民的经济同化，1955-73

二十世纪西班牙城乡移民的同化过程中，循环移民发挥了重要作用。本文分析了 1955-73 年农村人口外流期间这种类型的流动的临时性对流动人口经济同化的短期影响。更具体地说，我在一个关键场景——西班牙旅游业的繁荣——中研究了这一过程。使用新颖的微观数据集，结果表明，临时性是限制农民工实现收入增长能力的关键因素。因此，持续循环移民的动机和对永久定居的社会经济限制产生了严重的不利后果。与永久移民相比，这些移民从事低收入职业，获得东道国特定人力和社会资本的动力和机会较低。因此，随着循环移民年数的增加，循环移民的职业成就较低，导致其与本地人和永久移民的收入差距加大。这些结果表明，大多数移民比当地人更没有机会利用快速结构变革的进程，这不仅是因为人力和社会资本因素较低，而且还因为他们的移民是暂时的。