The primary approaches to treat cancerous diseases include drug treatment, surgical procedures, biotherapy, and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy has been the primary treatment for cancer for a long time, but its main drawback is that it kills cancerous cells along with healthy ones, leading to deadly adverse health effects. However, genitourinary cancer has become a concern in recent years as it is more common in middle-aged people. So, researchers are trying to find possible therapeutic options from natural small molecules due to the many drawbacks associated with chemotherapy and other radiation-based therapies. Plenty of research was conducted regarding genitourinary cancer to determine the promising role of natural small molecules. So, this review focused on natural small molecules along with their potential therapeutic targets in the case of genitourinary cancers such as prostate cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer, and so on. Also, this review states some ongoing or completed clinical evidence in this regard.

治疗癌症疾病的主要方法包括药物治疗、外科手术、生物疗法和放射疗法。长期以来，化疗一直是癌症的主要治疗方法，但其主要缺点是它会在杀死健康细胞的同时杀死癌细胞，从而导致致命的不良健康影响。然而，泌尿生殖系统癌症近年来已成为人们关注的问题，因为它在中年人中更为常见。因此，由于化疗和其他放射疗法存在许多缺点，研究人员正在尝试从天然小分子中寻找可能的治疗选择。人们对泌尿生殖系统癌症进行了大量研究，以确定天然小分子的潜在作用。因此，本综述重点关注天然小分子及其在泌尿生殖系统癌症（如前列腺癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、睾丸癌等）中的潜在治疗靶点。此外，本综述还阐述了这方面一些正在进行或已完成的临床证据。