Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO₂ and CH₄, studies quantifying N₂O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories.

由于人类土地使用，泥炭地的温室气体（GHG）排放对持续的气候变化有重大影响。为了对泥炭地温室气体排放进行可靠、全面的估计和预测，有必要进行覆盖全球不同泥炭地类型的温室气体观测，包括二氧化碳 (CO ₂ )、甲烷 (CH ₄ ) 和一氧化二氮 (N ₂ O) 。我们将已发表的泥炭地研究与实地温室气体通量测量相结合，以确定观测中的差距并为未来的研究提出方向。尽管已经在全球许多地点进行了温室气体通量测量，但当前的观测结果仍然存在巨大差距，涵盖各种泥炭地类型、区域和温室气体。一般来说，非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区迫切需要进行更多的温室气体观测。尽管对CO ₂和CH ₄进行了广泛的测量，但量化泥炭地N _{2 O排放的研究却很少，特别是在自然生态系统中。}为了扩大泥炭地数据的全球覆盖范围，进行更多的涡度协方差观测以进行长期监测至关重要。自动化室更适合地块规模观测，以产生高时间分辨率数据；然而，采用手动室测量的传统实地活动仍然是必要的，特别是在偏远地区。为了确保数据可以进一步用于建模目的，我们建议至少每月进行一次室活动，持续时间最短一年，重复不少于三次，并测量关键环境变量。此外，还需要对恢复的泥炭地进行进一步的研究，重点是确定针对不同生态系统类型、条件、气候和土地利用历史的最有效的恢复方法。