The mechanical and tribological properties of cast monocarbides and multicomponent high-entropy carbides produced by vacuum arc melting using starting monocarbide powders were examined. The cast monocarbides demonstrated a hardness of 20–30 GPa and an elastic modulus of 400–600 GPa. Among the studied monocarbides, ZrC showed the highest hardness (29–32 GPa), while MoC exhibited the lowest hardness (16–18 GPa). The friction coefficient for monocarbides was determined by pin-on-disk testing with diamond in dry friction conditions and in the presence of water. The friction coefficient was found to increase for WC and TiC carbides and decrease for MoC in the presence of water. Based on the studies of monocarbides, cast single-phase multicomponent high-entropy carbides with a NaCl-type cubic lattice and a homogeneous microstructure without any phase separation by chemical composition were developed and produced. The hardness of the cast multicomponent high-entropy carbides was determined, and their normalized hardness was calculated. The high-entropy carbides exhibited higher hardness (33–40 GPa) and normalized hardness (0.072–0.105) but a slightly lower elastic modulus than the monocarbides. The elastic modulus and lattice parameter were theoretically calculated, and the relationship between the size mismatch and hardness of the cast multicomponent high-entropy carbides was shown. The friction coefficient of the multicomponent high-entropy carbides determined by tribological tests was lower than that of the monocarbides both in dry friction conditions and in the presence of water. The friction coefficient was not either found to be dependent on hardness or elastic modulus.

研究了使用起始一碳化物粉末通过真空电弧熔炼生产的铸造一碳化物和多组分高熵碳化物的机械和摩擦学性能。铸造一碳化物的硬度为 20-30 GPa，弹性模量为 400-600 GPa。在所研究的一碳化物中，ZrC的硬度最高（29-32 GPa），而MoC的硬度最低（16-18 GPa）。单碳化物的摩擦系数是通过在干摩擦条件下和有水的情况下用金刚石进行销盘测试来确定的。发现在水存在下，WC 和 TiC 碳化物的摩擦系数增加，而 MoC 的摩擦系数减小。基于一碳化物的研究，开发并生产了铸造单相多组分高熵碳化物，其具有氯化钠型立方晶格和均匀的微观结构，没有任何化学成分的相分离。测定了铸造多元高熵碳化物的硬度，并计算了其归一化硬度。高熵碳化物表现出较高的硬度（33-40 GPa）和标准化硬度（0.072-0.105），但弹性模量略低于单碳化物。对铸造多元高熵碳化物的弹性模量和晶格参数进行了理论计算，给出了尺寸失配与硬度之间的关系。通过摩擦学测试确定的多组分高熵碳化物的摩擦系数在干摩擦条件和有水存在下均低于单碳化物的摩擦系数。未发现摩擦系数与硬度或弹性模量相关。