Music listening is a dynamic process that entails complex interactions between sensory, cognitive, and emotional processes. The naturalistic paradigm provides a means to investigate these processes in an ecologically valid manner by allowing experimental settings that mimic real-life musical experiences. In this paper, we highlight the importance of the naturalistic paradigm in studying dynamic music processing and discuss how it allows for investigating both the segregation and integration of brain processes using model-based and model-free methods. We further suggest that studying individual difference-modulated music processing in this paradigm can provide insights into the mechanisms of brain plasticity, which can have implications for the development of interventions and therapies in a personalized way. Finally, despite the challenges that the naturalistic paradigm poses, we end with a discussion on future prospects of music and neuroscience research, especially with the continued development and refinement of naturalistic paradigms and the adoption of open science practices.

中文翻译：

---

自然主义范式：研究音乐感知神经基础个体变异性的方法


音乐聆听是一个动态过程，需要感官、认知和情感过程之间复杂的相互作用。自然主义范式提供了一种以生态有效的方式研究这些过程的方法，允许模仿现实生活中的音乐体验的实验设置。在本文中，我们强调自然主义范式在研究动态音乐处理中的重要性，并讨论它如何使用基于模型和无模型的方法来研究大脑过程的分离和整合。我们进一步建议，在这种范式中研究个体差异调制的音乐处理可以提供对大脑可塑性机制的见解，这可能对个性化干预和治疗的发展产生影响。最后，尽管自然主义范式提出了挑战，但我们最后还是讨论了音乐和神经科学研究的未来前景，特别是随着自然主义范式的不断发展和完善以及开放科学实践的采用。