Abstract:

This article offers a revision of the history of Vincent de Gournay’s neologism bureaucracy. The author shows that it was designed as a polemical tool against a tendency to multiply customs, tax-collecting and controlling bureaus, which “strangled commerce” in France. The origin of the term had more to do with the pre-physiocratic theory of liberal economy than with political philosophy. More than just a pun, it emerged in the wake of a long tradition of anti-office discourse and formed part of a new rhetorical strategy aimed at legitimizing the merchant estate, which suffered from a lack of prestige in France.

中文翻译：

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官僚主义：流行语的形成

摘要：

本文对文森特·德古尔奈的新词官僚体系的历史进行了修订。作者表明，它被设计为一种辩论工具，反对海关、征税和控制机构激增的趋势，这种趋势“扼杀了法国的商业”。该术语的起源更多地与前重农主义的自由经济理论有关，而不是与政治哲学有关。它不仅仅是一个双关语，它是在反办公室话语的长期传统之后出现的，并且构成了旨在使商业地产合法化的新修辞策略的一部分，该商业地产在法国缺乏威望。