No consensus has been made on the use of PEG-modification recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in patients receiving autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEG-rhG-CSF in provision of neutrophil support for lymphoma patients receiving autologous PBSCT. This retrospective study included lymphoma patients receiving either PEG-rhG-CSF or rhG-CSF after autologous PBSCT from 2018 to 2021 in two clinics. Hematologic recovery time, incidence of infectious complications and toxicity were compared between these two rhG-CSFs and among different initiation time of PEG-rhG-CSF. Of the 139 subjects included, 93 received PEG-rhG-CSF and 46 received rhG-CSF after transplantation. Compared with rhG-CSF, PEG-rhG-CSF marginally but significantly accelerated the neutrophil engraftment by 1 day (10 vs. 9 days, respectively) with no increasing on the risk of infectious complication and toxicity. In the PEG-rhG-CSF group, 50 patients received the growth factor on day 1, 19 received on day 3 and 24 received on day 5. The neutrophil engraftment was significantly shorter in day 1 and day 3 subgroup (9, 9, and 10 days, respectively), with a lower incidence of febrile neutropenia (82%, 100%, 100%) and documented infections (76%, 100%, 100%) in day 1 subgroup. PEG-rhG-CSF might be an alternative to rhG-CSF for lymphoma patients received autologous PBSCT. Administrating PEG-rhG-CSF on day 1 can achieve both faster hematologic recovery and lower infectious complications.

关于在接受自体外周血干细胞移植（PBSCT）的患者中使用 PEG 修饰的重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（PEG-rhG-CSF）尚未达成共识。评估 PEG-rhG-CSF 为接受自体 PBSCT 的淋巴瘤患者提供中性粒细胞支持的有效性和安全性。这项回顾性研究纳入了 2018 年至 2021 年在两家诊所进行自体 PBSCT 后接受 PEG-rhG-CSF 或 rhG-CSF 治疗的淋巴瘤患者。比较这两种rhG-CSF以及不同起始时间的PEG-rhG-CSF之间的血液学恢复时间、感染并发症的发生率和毒性。在 139 名受试者中，93 名受试者在移植后接受了 PEG-rhG-CSF，46 名受试者接受了 rhG-CSF。与rhG-CSF相比，PEG-rhG-CSF略微但显着地将中性粒细胞植入加速了1天（分别为10天和9天），并且没有增加感染并发症和毒性的风险。在 PEG-rhG-CSF 组中，50 名患者在第 1 天接受生长因子，19 名患者在第 3 天接受生长因子，24 名患者在第 5 天接受生长因子。第 1 天和第 3 天亚组（9、9 和分别为 10 天），第 1 天亚组中发热性中性粒细胞减少症（82%、100%、100%）和记录感染（76%、100%、100%）的发生率较低。对于接受自体 PBSCT 的淋巴瘤患者来说，PEG-rhG-CSF 可能是 rhG-CSF 的替代品。第一天施用 PEG-rhG-CSF 可以实现更快的血液学恢复和更低的感染并发症。