The content and composition of the grain storage proteins in wheat determine to a high extent its end-use quality for pasta and bread production. This study aimed to evaluate the content and composition of the grain storage proteins in Ethiopian landraces and cultivars to contribute to future breeding toward improved pasta quality. Thus, 116 landraces and 34 cultivars originating from Ethiopia were grown in three locations, and the protein parameters were analyzed using size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). A considerable variation in the amount of the analyzed protein parameters was found. The genotypes, environments, and interactions contributed significantly (p < 0.001) to the differences obtained. The broad-sense heritability was high (0.75–0.98) for all protein parameters except for unextractable small monomeric protein (uSMP). Using the principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the impact of protein parameters and using either PCA or unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) to assess the impact of the genetic composition, the cultivar group was found to form a separate cluster. This indicates that durum wheat improvement in Ethiopia has relied on exotic materials, which might result from a narrow genetic base. Unlike most landraces, most released cultivars showed a high and stable gluten strength across environments. Two landraces, G057 and G107, were found genetically distinct from the released cultivars but with high and stable gluten. The two selected landraces might be of extremely high value for future use in durum wheat breeding programs, as they might be adapted to wide-ranging Ethiopian growing conditions, they might carry genes of relevance to withstand abiotic and biotic stresses, and they seem to hold essential protein properties, which might result in high-quality grains for industrial processes.

中文翻译：

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释放具有高蛋白质量的埃塞俄比亚硬质小麦地方品种的遗传潜力：用于未来面食生产育种的来源

小麦中谷物储存蛋白的含量和组成在很大程度上决定了其用于面食和面包生产的最终使用质量。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚地方品种和品种中谷物储存蛋白的含量和组成，以有助于未来的育种以提高面食质量。因此，来自埃塞俄比亚的 116 个地方品种和 34 个品种在三个地点种植，并使用尺寸排阻高效液相色谱 (SE-HPLC) 分析蛋白质参数。发现分析的蛋白质参数的数量存在相当大的变化。基因型、环境和相互作用 对所获得的差异有显着影响 ( p < 0.001)。除不可提取的小单体蛋白（uSMP）外，所有蛋白质参数的广义遗传力都很高（0.75-0.98）。使用主成分分析（PCA）评估蛋白质参数的影响，并使用PCA或算术平均的未加权配对法（UPGMA）评估遗传组成的影响，发现品种组形成了一个单独的簇。这表明埃塞俄比亚硬质小麦的改良依赖于外来材料，这可能是由于遗传基础狭窄造成的。与大多数地方品种不同，大多数发布的品种在不同环境下都表现出高且稳定的麸质强度。两个地方品种 G057 和 G107 被发现在遗传上与发布的品种不同，但具有高且稳定的麸质。这两个选定的地方品种对于未来硬粒小麦育种计划的使用可能具有极高的价值，因为它们可能适应广泛的埃塞俄比亚生长条件，它们可能携带与承受非生物和生物胁迫相关的基因，并且它们似乎具有重要的蛋白质特性，这可能会产生用于工业加工的高质量谷物。