Neuronal degeneration and apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Previous studies suggested brain structural and functional abnormalities in patients with TD. We investigated changes in cerebral regional homogeneity (ReHo) in patients with TD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Imaging data were collected from schizophrenia patients with TD (TD group, n=58) and without TD (non-TD group, n=66) and healthy controls (HC group, n=67), processed with SPM, and evaluated at a corrected threshold. Psychopathology and severity of TD were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), respectively. Results: TD vs. non-TD group showed significantly higher ReHo in the Left Inferior Semilunar Lobule and Right Fusiform Gyrus and lower ReHo in Left Supramarginal Gyrus, Right Inferior Tempotal Gyrus, and Left Medial Frontal Gyrus. The ReHo value in the Left Inferior Semilunar Lobule was negatively correlated with AIMS upper limbs scores. Conclusions: The findings suggest altered regional neural connectivities in association with TD and may inform research of the etiology and monitor the course of TD in patients with schizophrenia and potentially other psychotic disorders.

神经元变性和细胞凋亡可能在迟发性运动障碍（TD）的发病机制中发挥重要作用。先前的研究表明 TD 患者的大脑结构和功能异常。我们使用静息态功能磁共振成像 (rs-fMRI) 研究了 TD 患者大脑区域均匀性 (ReHo) 的变化。收集患有 TD 的精神分裂症患者（TD 组，n=58）和不患有 TD 的精神分裂症患者（非 TD 组，n=66）和健康对照（HC 组，n=67）的影像数据，使用 SPM 进行处理，并在修正阈值。TD的精神病理学和严重程度分别通过阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）和异常不自主运动量表（AIMS）进行评估。结果：TD 组与非 TD 组相比，左侧下半月小叶和右侧梭状回的 ReHo 显着较高，而左侧缘上回、右侧颞下回和左侧额内侧回的 ReHo 较低。左下半月小叶ReHo值与AIMS上肢评分呈负相关。结论：研究结果表明，局部神经连接的改变与 TD 相关，并可为精神分裂症和潜在其他精神障碍患者的病因学研究和监测 TD 病程提供信息。