The effect of climate factors (temperature, humidity, precipitation, and frost days) on the population changes, damage, and infestation area of the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L., was studied during 2006–2018 in four parts of Iran including Saman, Arak, Najaf-abad, and Baft. For trend analysis, the Mann–Kendall test was run on time series data of both climate and pest population. According to the results, the annual mean (Kendall's statistics, T = 0.64 and 0.48), annual minimum (T = 0.60 and 0.42), and January mean (T = 0.64 and 0.61, respectively) temperatures showed increasing trends in Saman and Najaf-abad. Moreover, the annual mean minimum and January temperatures (T = 0.41 and 0.45, respectively) in Arak and the annual mean maximum temperature (T = 0.79) in Baft showed increasing trends. The number of frost days/year (Kendall's statistics, T = −0.63, −0.53, −0.32 and −0.37) and annual mean relative humidity (T = −0.43, −0.63, −0.64 and −0.42, respectively) showed decreasing trends in Saman, Arak, Baft, and Najaf-abad stations. Trend analysis indicated significant increases in the mean number of moths caught (T = 0.59, 0.76 and 0.90), the percentage of infested branches/tree (T = 0.66, 0.58, and 0.90), the number of active holes/tree (T = 0.79, 0.55, and 0.68) and the infested areas (T = 0.99, 0.73, and 0.98, respectively) in Saman, Arak and Najaf-abad stations. According to stepwise regression, the mean temperatures of January, autumn, and winter were the most effective variables for increasing Z. pyrina damage and population, while relative humidity and the number of frost days played the major role in reducing it.

中文翻译：

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气候因素对伊朗核桃园豹蛾（Zeuzera Pyrina L.）种群密度和危害的影响

气候因素（温度、湿度、降水量、霜冻日数）对豹蛾种群变化、危害及侵染面积的影响，皮氏斑蝽L.，于 2006 年至 2018 年间在伊朗四个地区进行了研究，包括萨曼、阿拉克、纳杰夫-阿巴德和巴夫特。对于趋势分析，曼-肯德尔检验对气候和害虫种群的时间序列数据进行了分析。根据结果​​，年平均值（肯德尔的统计，时间= 0.64 和 0.48)，年度最小值 (时间= 0.60 和 0.42)，一月平均值 (时间= 0.64 和 0.61），萨曼和纳杰夫阿巴德的气温呈上升趋势。此外，年平均最低气温和一月气温（时间= 0.41 和 0.45，分别）在阿拉克和年平均最高气温（时间= 0.79）在 Baft 中呈现出增加的趋势。每年霜冻天数（肯德尔的统计数据，时间= −0.63, −0.53, −0.32 和 −0.37) 和年平均相对湿度 (时间= -0.43、-0.63、-0.64 和 -0.42）在萨曼、阿拉克、巴夫特和纳杰夫-阿巴德站显示出下降趋势。趋势分析表明捕获的飞蛾平均数量显着增加（时间= 0.59、0.76 和 0.90)，受感染的树枝/树的百分比 (时间= 0.66、0.58 和 0.90)，每棵树的活动洞数 (时间= 0.79、0.55 和 0.68) 和受感染区域 (时间萨曼站、阿拉克站和纳杰夫阿巴德站分别为 0.99、0.73 和 0.98）。根据逐步回归分析，一月、秋季和冬季的平均气温是增加气温的最有效变量。皮里纳Z.损害和人口，而相对湿度和霜冻天数在减少方面发挥了主要作用。