Summary A transverse-tubule (T-tubule) is an invagination of the plasma membrane penetrating deep into muscle cells. An extensive membrane network of T-tubules is crucial for rapid and synchronized signal transmission from the cell surface to the entire sarcoplasmic reticulum for Ca2+ release, leading to muscle contraction. T-tubules are also indispensable for the formation and positioning of other muscle organelles. Their structure and physiological roles are relatively well established; however, the mechanisms shaping T-tubules require further elucidation. Centronuclear myopathy (CNM), an inherited muscular disorder, accompanies structural defects in T-tubules. Membrane-traffic-related genes, including MTM1 (Myotubularin 1), DNM2 (Dynamin 2), and BIN1 (Bridging Integrator-1), were identified as causative genes of CNM. In addition, causative genes for other muscle diseases are also reported to be involved in the formation and maintenance of T-tubules. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of how T-tubule formation and maintenance is regulated.

中文翻译：

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塑造横管：在肌肉收缩的细胞质分区中发挥作用的中心机制

摘要 横管（T 管）是质膜的内陷，深入渗透到肌肉细胞中。T 管的广泛膜网络对于从细胞表面到整个肌浆网的快速同步信号传输至关重要，以释放 Ca2+，从而导致肌肉收缩。T 形管对于其他肌肉细胞器的形成和定位也是不可或缺的。它们的结构和生理作用已相对明确；然而，T 管的形成机制需要进一步阐明。中心核肌病 (CNM) 是一种遗传性肌肉疾病，伴有 T 管结构缺陷。膜交通相关基因，包括 MTM1 (Myotubularin 1)、DNM2 (Dynamin 2) 和 BIN1 (Bridging Integrator-1)，被确定为 CNM 的致病基因。此外，据报道其他肌肉疾病的致病基因也参与 T 管的形成和维持。这篇综述总结了有关 T 管形成和维持的调节机制的当前知识。