Annual fishes inhabit small temporary ponds that dry up seasonally. Survival in temporary ponds requires specific physiological, morphological, and/or life cycle adaptations. Annual fishes exhibit a complex reproductive strategy with resistant eggs to survive droughts. Here, we investigate the fecundity of the annual fishes Austrolebias cyaneus and Cynopoecilus nigrovittatus individually and in interaction in situ throughout the hydroperiod (early inundation, drying, and late inundation) of a temporary pond. The monospecific treatment of Austrolebias cyaneus showed no effect on fecundity regarding body size, weight, and flooding phase. In the monospecific treatment of Cynopoecilus nigrovittatus, there was a positive effect of female body size and sampling period on the number of eggs, which was higher in the late flooding phase. In the interspecific treatment, Austrolebias laid fewer eggs in the early flooding phase when compared to the monospecific treatment, and Cynopoecilus nigrovittatus showed a reduction in the number of eggs, considering the entire hydrological cycle. These results obtained from wild populations should help to fill the knowledge gap on biological traits, which impairs the understanding of the ecology of annual killifish in small temporary wetlands.

一年生鱼类栖息在季节性干涸的小型临时池塘中。在临时池塘中生存需要特定的生理、形态和/或生命周期适应。一年生鱼类表现出复杂的繁殖策略，其卵具有抵抗干旱的能力。在这里，我们在临时池塘的整个水周期（早期淹没、干燥和晚期淹没）中分别研究了一年生鱼类Austrolebiascyaneus和Cynopoecilusnigrovittatus的繁殖力以及它们在原位相互作用的情况。对Austrolebias blueeus的单一特异性处理对体型、重量和洪水阶段的繁殖力没有影响。在黑维鲂单特异性处理中，雌性体型大小和取样周期对产卵数量有正向影响，在淹水后期产卵数量较高。在种间处理中，与单种处理相比，Austrolebias在早期洪水阶段产卵较少，考虑到整个水文循环， Cynopoecilus nigrovittatus的产卵数量也有所减少。从野生种群中获得的这些结果应该有助于填补生物学特性的知识空白，这削弱了对小型临时湿地一年生鳉鱼生态的了解。