Reviewed by:

• Philadelphia Stories: People and Their Places in Early America by C. Dallett Hemphill
• Robynne Rogers Healey (bio)

Through a series of twelve short biographies, C. Dallett Hemphill's posthumously published book explores the lives of twelve Philadelphians who called the city home in the years between the late colonial period and the Civil War. Home to several significant heritage sites such as the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall, Philadelphia figures prominently in early American history, and its historic sites continue to draw visitors. William Penn's vision of a rectangular grid imposed on the site extending west from the Delaware River toward the Schuylkill River remains intact today and has earned Philadelphia a place among the most walkable cities in the United States. Many well-known historical events unfolded in the nine square blocks bounded by Vine, Cedar, Front, and Ninth Streets. Hemphill's book takes readers into these streets and its famous landmarks, going beyond Philadelphia's most-storied citizens to examine the lives of twelve of its lesser-known residents. What these stories reveal is the importance of networks to Philadelphia and the lives of its people. As much as the city's population expanded rapidly in this period, Hemphill reminds readers that "it remained a small town by today's standards, a place where inhabitants and visitors mostly encountered each other face-to-face" (3). These twelve biographies reveal the extent of the overlapping circles—social circles, religious circles, business circles, political circles—that shaped people and their places in Philadelphia.

As famous as Philadelphia's individual Founding Fathers, scientists, or artists of this period were, this was not a city of individuals living their lives in isolation. Hemphill contends that Philadelphians lived "enmeshed in groups, and traveling among the tight clusters of houses and public buildings plotted on the maps presented" throughout the book (3). These enmeshed networks made Philadelphia more than a city or what Benedict Anderson called an "imagined community" (Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism [Verso, 2016]). "When we look at life on the streets and in the homes of Philadelphia," Hemphill [End Page 759] maintains, "we can see that Philadelphia operated as a real community, as a web of personal relationships" (149). While the networks overlapped, the chapters clearly show the centrality of the household and the family at the center of each network. The private stories behind the public personas of the book's twelve subjects are central to its methodology. The stories are not all laudatory, despite the many accomplishments of Hemphill's subjects. As Hemphill insists, "To tell stories of domestic relations and personal shortcomings is not to degrade people, but to humanize them. These stories are what we all have in common, can relate to, and can learn from" (4).

Hemphill selected her twelve characters "because each is the subject of good stories that illustrate important aspects of America's political, social, economic, religious, and cultural history between the Revolutionary and Civil War eras. And each can be connected to visitable neighborhoods and spaces charted on [the book's] maps of Philadelphia and environs" (8). They are organized chronologically in each of the book's four parts. Part I, "For the Love of God: Three Colonial Men of Faith," presents the stories of Quaker Anthony Benezet (1713–84), Lutheran Henry Muhlenberg (1711–87), and Anglican/Episcopalian William White (1748–1836) whose lives show "how people built networks across religious and ethnic boundaries to create movements for civic progress" (11). In part II, "Declaring Independence: Three Revolutionary Wives," readers are introduced to Grace Growden Galloway (1727–82), Anne Shippen Livingston (1764–1841), and Deborah Norris Logan (1761–1839), whose lived experiences "drive home an important truth: The American Revolution was incomplete, even for elite white women" (81). The figure of the "self-made man" figures prominently in American archetypes, beginning with Benjamin Franklin, one of Philadelphia's most famous success stories. Because Franklin crafted his image as much as he made his fortune, part III, "Striving...

审阅者：

• 费城故事：美国早期的人们和他们的地位作者：C. Dallett Hemphill
• 罗宾妮·罗杰斯·希利（简介）

C.达利特·亨普希尔（C. Dallett Hemphill）在其死后出版的著作中，通过一系列十二本简短的传记，探讨了从殖民时期晚期到内战期间以这座城市为家的十二位费城人的生活。费城是自由钟和独立厅等多个重要遗址的所在地，在美国早期历史上占有重要地位，其历史遗迹继续吸引着游客。威廉·佩恩 (William Penn) 在从特拉华河向西延伸至斯库尔基尔河 (Schuylkill River) 的场地上强加的矩形网格的愿景至今仍然完好无损，并为费城赢得了美国最适合步行的城市之一的地位。许多著名的历史事件都发生在以藤街、雪松街、前街和第九街为界的九个街区内。亨普希尔的书带领读者走进这些街道及其著名地标，超越费城最有名气的公民，审视十二名不太出名的居民的生活。这些故事揭示了网络对费城及其人民生活的重要性。尽管这座城市的人口在这一时期迅速增长，亨普希尔提醒读者“按照今天的标准，它仍然是一个小镇，居民和游客大多面对面相遇”(3)。这十二本传记揭示了社交圈、宗教圈、商业圈、政治圈等重叠圈子的范围，这些圈子塑造了费城的人们及其地位。

尽管费城这一时期的开国元勋、科学家或艺术家都很出名，但这座城市并不是一个孤立生活的城市。亨普希尔认为，费城人“生活在群体中，在地图上绘制的紧密的房屋和公共建筑群中穿行”（3）。这些相互交织的网络使费城不仅仅是一座城市或本尼迪克特·安德森所说的“想象的社区”（想象的社区：对民族主义起源和传播的反思[Verso，2016]）。“当我们观察费城街头和家庭的生活时，”Hemphill [结束第 759 页]坚持认为，“我们可以看到费城作为一个真正的社区，作为一个个人关系网运作”（149）。虽然网络重叠，但各章清楚地表明了家庭的中心地位以及家庭在每个网络的中心。这本书的十二个主题的公众人物背后的私人故事是其方法论的核心。尽管亨普希尔的故事主题取得了许多成就，但这些故事并不全是赞美之词。正如亨普希尔所坚持的那样，“讲述家庭关系和个人缺点的故事并不是要贬低人，而是要使人变得人性化。这些故事是我们所有人的共同点，可以产生共鸣，也可以从中学习”（4）。

亨普希尔选择了她的十二个角色，“因为每个角色都是好故事的主题，这些故事说明了美国独立战争和内战时期之间政治、社会、经济、宗教和文化历史的重要方面。每个角色都可以与可参观的社区和空间联系起来。在[本书的]费城及其周边地区的地图上”（8）。本书的四个部分均按时间顺序排列。第一部分“为了上帝的爱：三个有信仰的殖民地人”介绍了贵格会安东尼·贝尼泽（1713-84）、路德教会亨利·穆伦伯格（1711-87）和英国圣公会/圣公会威廉·怀特（1748-1836）的故事他们的生活展示了“人们如何跨越宗教和种族界限建立网络，以发起公民进步运动”（11）。在第二部分“宣布独立：三位革命妻子”中，向读者介绍了格蕾丝·格罗登·加洛韦（Grace Growden Galloway，1727-82 年）、安妮·希彭·利文斯顿（Anne Shippen Livingston，1764-1841 年）和黛博拉·诺里斯·洛根（Deborah Norris Logan，1761-1839 年），她们的生活经历“推动了独立”。告诉我们一个重要的事实：美国革命是不完整的，即使对于白人精英女性来说也是如此”（81）。从费城最著名的成功故事之一本杰明·富兰克林开始，“白手起家的人”的形象在美国原型中占有显着的地位。因为富兰克林塑造自己的形象就像创造财富一样，第三部分“努力……