Although several immune related cells of small intestine play an essential role in the intestinal homeostasis. However, information related to ultrastructural evidence of Nano-scale exosomes-multivesicular bodies and autophagic pathway in the high endothelial cells (HECs) of the small intestine in laying birds is still ambiguous. In present study, the HECs secreted the early endosome (ee), late endosome (le) and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the lamina propria of layer small intestine was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Besides that, in the cytoplasm of HECs showed many autophagosomes were directly associated with lysosomes and mitochondria. Further, the immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that, the immunoreactivity and immuno-signaling of Nano-scale exosome related proteins, cluster of differentiation (CD63) and tumor susceptibility gene (TSG101), and autophagic related proteins, autophagic related gene (ATG7) and microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC3) were strong positive expression in the lamina propria of small intestine. These results prove that HECs play a well-known immunological role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. In summary, these findings indicate that the small intestine’s HECs have developed an innovative way of communication.

尽管小肠的几种免疫相关细胞在肠道稳态中发挥着重要作用。然而，与蛋鸡小肠高内皮细胞（HEC）中纳米级外泌体-多泡体和自噬途径的超微结构证据相关的信息仍然不明确。本研究通过透射电镜证实HECs在蛋鸡小肠固有层分泌早期内体(ee)、晚期内体(le)和多泡体(MVBs)。除此之外，在HEC的细胞质中发现许多自噬体与溶酶体和线粒体直接相关。此外，免疫组化和免疫荧光结果表明，纳米级外泌体相关蛋白、分化簇（CD63）和肿瘤易感基因（TSG101）以及自噬相关蛋白、自噬相关基因（ATG7）和微管相关蛋白轻链(LC3)在小肠固有层呈强阳性表达。这些结果证明HEC在维持肠道稳态中发挥着众所周知的免疫学作用。总之，这些发现表明小肠的 HEC 已经开发出一种创新的通讯方式。