The structural neural correlates underlying youth nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) warrant further exploration. Few studies have explored the association between NSSI and brain structure in adolescence, and no studies have investigated differences in the relation between age and brain structure in youth with NSSI. This preliminary investigation examined associations between NSSI history, age, and cortical structure using magnetic resonance imaging in adolescent girls (N = 100, M_age = 13.4 years) at increased risk for psychopathology. We conducted whole-brain analyses to investigate the associations between age and cortical structure, NSSI history and cortical structure, and NSSI history as a moderator of the association between age and cortical structure. Results suggested that age was associated with less cortical thickness and surface area in the left and right prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortex. NSSI history was associated with less left insula and left inferior parietal cortex cortical surface area. Among adolescents with NSSI history, older age predicted greater left inferior parietal cortex surface area and was not associated with left precentral cortex surface area. Among adolescents without NSSI history, older age predicted smaller surface areas as expected with the typical trajectory of neurodevelopment. Overall, our results suggest differences in cortical surface area development in adolescents with NSSI history.

青少年非自杀性自伤（NSSI）背后的结构神经相关性值得进一步探索。很少有研究探讨 NSSI 与青春期大脑结构之间的关联，也没有研究调查患有 NSSI 的青少年年龄与大脑结构之间关系的差异。这项初步调查使用磁共振成像检查了 精神病理学风险增加的青春期女孩（ N  = 100，M_{年龄= 13.4 岁）的 NSSI 病史、年龄和皮质结构之间的关联。}我们进行了全脑分析，以研究年龄与皮质结构、NSSI 历史与皮质结构之间的关联，以及 NSSI 历史作为年龄与皮质结构之间关联的调节因素。结果表明，年龄与左右前额叶、颞叶和顶叶皮质的皮质厚度和表面积较小有关。NSSI 病史与左侧岛叶和左侧顶下皮质表面积较少有关。在有 NSSI 病史的青少年中，年龄越大，左下顶叶皮质表面积越大，但与左前中央皮质表面积无关。在没有 NSSI 历史的青少年中，年龄越大，表面积就越小，这与典型的神经发育轨迹所预期的一样。总体而言，我们的结果表明有 NSSI 史的青少年皮质表面积发育存在差异。