Bacteria sense and respond to their environment, allowing them to maximize their survival and growth under changing conditions, such as oxygen levels. Direct oxygen-sensing proteins allow bacteria to rapidly sense concentration changes and adapt by regulating signaling pathways and/or cellular machinery. Recent work has identified roles for direct oxygen-sensing proteins in controlling second messenger levels and motility machinery, as well as effects on biofilm formation, virulence, and motility. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding O₂-dependent regulation of cyclic di-GMP signaling and motility and highlight the emerging importance in controlling bacterial physiology and behavior.

细菌感知环境并对其做出反应，使它们能够在不断变化的条件（例如氧气水平）下最大限度地生存和生长。直接氧传感蛋白使细菌能够快速感知浓度变化并通过调节信号通路和/或细胞机制进行适应。最近的工作已经确定了直接氧传感蛋白在控制第二信使水平和运动机制中的作用，以及对生物膜形成、毒力和运动的影响。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了了解环二 GMP 信号和运动的 O ₂依赖性调节的最新进展，并强调了控制细菌生理和行为的新重要性。