The port of Callao is important for its varied historical and archaeological heritage, which includes several military buildings that were the main actors and witnesses of the colonial era of Peru (from the 16th century to the country’s independence from Spain early in the 19th century). Despite the studies that have been carried out on the basis of documents and some eventual archaeological excavations, the port’s main monument, namely, the Real Felipe Fortress, continues to hide very important information that could be used to understand the role that the fortress played in numerous historical events throughout the centuries. The main contribution of this study is the use of photogrammetry software and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to examine the Real Felipe Fortress. In this way, the nature of the atypical construction within the fortress is determined. As a result, it is possible to accurately establish the location of the defensive wall that surrounded the ancient city of Callao, as well as its first churches, whose records were lost after being destroyed by the 1746 earthquake and tsunami in Lima, the worst cataclysm registered in the history of Peru and South America. As a result, this study demonstrates that technology can be successfully used to establish and validate with great precision the existence of the location of churches that have been built in the port of Callao since the founding of Lima in the 16th century. Such identification allows architects, engineers and students who are interested in the history of monuments to discover hidden structures and buildings and carry out the necessary restoration and archaeological works, with the aim of recovering the history of the colonial architecture of Callao and other similar cities and ports worldwide.

中文翻译：

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使用地理配准识别卡亚俄港消失的历史建筑

卡亚俄港因其多样化的历史和考古遗产而具有重要意义，其中包括几座军事建筑，它们是秘鲁殖民时代（从 16 世纪到该国从西班牙独立到 19 世纪初）的主要参与者和见证者。尽管根据文件和一些最终的考古发掘进行了研究，但港口的主要纪念碑，即皇家费利佩堡垒，仍然隐藏着非常重要的信息，这些信息可用于了解该堡垒在历史中所发挥的作用。几个世纪以来无数的历史事件。这项研究的主要贡献是使用摄影测量软件和地理信息系统（GIS）来检查真实的费利佩堡垒。这样，堡垒内非典型建筑的性质就被确定了。因此，可以准确确定卡亚俄古城周围的防御墙及其第一座教堂的位置，这些教堂的记录在 1746 年利马地震和海啸（最严重的灾难）中被摧毁后丢失了。载入秘鲁和南美洲的历史。因此，这项研究表明，可以成功地利用技术来极其精确地确定和验证自 16 世纪利马建国以来在卡亚俄港建造的教堂的位置。这种识别使对古迹历史感兴趣的建筑师、工程师和学生能够发现隐藏的结构和建筑物，并进行必要的修复和考古工作，目的是恢复卡亚俄和其他类似城市的殖民建筑的历史和历史。世界各地的港口。