A single bout of cardiovascular exercise (CE) performed after practice can facilitate the consolidation of motor memory. However, the effect is variable and may be modulated by different factors such as the motor task’s or participant’s characteristics and level of awareness during encoding (implicit vs explicit learning). This study examines the effects of acute CE on the consolidation of motor sequences learned explicitly and implicitly, exploring the potential moderating effect of fitness level and awareness. Fifty-six healthy adults (24.1 ± 3.3 years, 32 female) were recruited. After practicing with either the implicit or explicit variant of the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT), participants either performed a bout of 16 min of vigorous CE or rested for the same amount of time. Consolidation was quantified as the change in SRTT performance from the end of practice to a 24 h retention test. Fitness level (V̇O_2peak) was determined through a graded exercise test. Awareness (implicit vs explicit learning) was operationalized using a free recall test conducted immediately after retention. Our primary analysis indicated that CE had no statistically significant effects on consolidation, regardless of the SRTT’s variant utilized during practice. However, an exploratory analysis, classifying participants based on the level of awareness gained during motor practice, showed that CE negatively influenced consolidation in unfit participants who explicitly acquired the motor sequence. Our findings indicate that fitness level and awareness in sequence acquisition can modulate the interaction between CE and motor memory consolidation. These factors should be taken into account when assessing the effects of CE on motor memory.

练习后进行一次心血管运动（CE）可以促进运动记忆的巩固。然而，效果是可变的，并且可能受到不同因素的调节，例如运动任务或参与者的特征以及编码期间的意识水平（内隐学习与外显学习）。本研究探讨了急性 CE 对巩固显性和隐性学习的运动序列的影响，探索健身水平和意识的潜在调节作用。招募了 56 名健康成年人（24.1 ± 3.3 岁，32 名女性）。在使用串行反应时间任务 (SRTT) 的隐式或显式变体进行练习后，参与者要么进行 16 分钟的剧烈 CE，要么休息相同的时间。巩固被量化为 SRTT 表现从练习结束到 24 小时保留测试的变化。体能水平 (V̇O _2peak ) 通过分级运动测试确定。意识（内隐学习与外显学习）是通过在保留后立即进行的免费回忆测试来实施的。我们的初步分析表明，无论在实践中使用何种 SRTT 变体，CE 对巩固没有统计学上的显着影响。然而，一项根据运动练习过程中获得的意识水平对参与者进行分类的探索性分析表明，CE 对明确获得运动序列的不合格参与者的巩固产生负面影响。我们的研究结果表明，序列获取中的健康水平和意识可以调节 CE 和运动记忆巩固之间的相互作用。在评估 CE 对运动记忆的影响时应考虑这些因素。