Purpose

Using data on participants born around 100 years ago, Laub and Sampson asserted that early developmental risk factors are not informative of social outcomes in adulthood. More specifically, they claimed that early risk factors were not informative of adulthood informal social control, persistent offending, and the degree to which informal social control protects against later offending. We offer a contemporary comparison point to these claims that carry theoretical implications for developmental and life-course criminology.

Methods

The current study used prospective longitudinal data on 518 male and female participants from the Incarcerated Serious and Violent Young Offender Study. Early developmental risk for persistent offending was measured via the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). Informal social control was measured in emerging adulthood via the Community Risk Needs Assessment (CRNA). Offending trajectories were measured for an average of 15 years following participants' CRNA ratings.

Results

PCL:YV scores were negatively associated with informal social control (selection effects), positively associated with persistent offending, and negatively related to lower rates of offending, even when informal social control was high (treatment effect heterogeneity).

Conclusions

Findings align with Elder's conceptualization of life-course theory that acknowledges the potential for individual, social, and macro-level factors to shape human development.

中文翻译：

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二十年的历程：重温劳布和桑普森的生命历程犯罪学版本

目的

Laub 和 Sampson 使用 100 年前出生的参与者的数据断言，早期发育风险因素并不能说明成年后的社会结果。更具体地说，他们声称早期风险因素并不能说明成年后的非正式社会控制、持续犯罪以及非正式社会控制防止以后犯罪的程度。我们为这些主张提供了一个当代的比较点，这些主张对发展犯罪学和生命历程犯罪学具有理论意义。

方法

目前的研究使用了来自被监禁的严重和暴力青少年罪犯研究的 518 名男性和女性参与者的前瞻性纵向数据。持续犯罪的早期发育风险通过精神病检查表：青年版（PCL：YV）进行测量。通过社区风险需求评估（CRNA）来衡量成年初期的非正式社会控制。根据参与者的 CRNA 评级，平均测量 15 年的违规轨迹。

结果

PCL：YV 分数与非正式社会控制（选择效应）呈负相关，与持续犯罪呈正相关，与较低的犯罪率呈负相关，即使非正式社会控制很高（治疗效果异质性）。

结论

研究结果与埃尔德的生命历程理论概念相一致，该理论承认个人、社会和宏观层面因素塑造人类发展的潜力。