Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of most common metabolic diseases and continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Although great efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetes, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. Notably, overwhelming evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria are tightly correlated with the development of T2DM, and the defects of mitochondrial function in peripheral insulin-responsive tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue, are crucial drivers of T2DM. Furthermore, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus for improving insulin sensitivity and hence is regarded as the best strategy to prevent and treat T2DM. Although the precise mechanisms by which exercise alleviates T2DM are not fully understood, mitochondria may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.

2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 是最常见的代谢性疾病之一，并且仍然是全球死亡的主要原因。尽管人们已付出巨大努力来阐明糖尿病的发病机制，但其潜在机制仍不清楚。值得注意的是，大量证据表明线粒体与T2DM的发生密切相关，而骨骼肌、肝脏和脂肪组织等外周胰岛素反应组织中线粒体功能的缺陷是T2DM的重要驱动因素。此外，运动训练被认为是提高胰岛素敏感性的有效刺激，因此被认为是预防和治疗T2DM的最佳策略。尽管运动缓解 T2DM 的确切机制尚不完全清楚，但线粒体可能对于运动的有益效果至关重要。