Background

A common approach to define sonoanatomy is a reciprocal exchange of macroscopic and microscopic information in ultrasound imaging. High-resolution ultrasound has been long established and is crucial as an inexpensive and adaptable tool, not just in clinical settings but also while teaching anatomy. Early application of ultrasonography provides medical students with a couple of benefits: they acquire an improved understanding of anatomy and learn how to use it.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review has been carried out, with relevant studies discovered in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, BIOSIS Previews and Web of Science Core Collection. Gray literature was also considered in two different ways: (1) Regarding grey literature databases: National Gray Literature Collection. (2) For PhD theses and dissertations, the databases EThOS and Open Access Theses and Dissertations were screened for relevant studies by combining the keywords used in the search string.

The reference lists of all relevant papers were scanned. Search process was performed on January 3rd, 2023. The search string was developed with the aid of and finally checked by a professional librarian.

Only ultrasound studies on human cadavers were included, not animals or phantoms. If the studied subject was a joint, the article was included. Only B-Mode ultrasound was included, whereas Elastosonography, Doppler sonography and quantitative approaches including among others sound speed, backscatter attenuation were excluded. Intravascular, intraosseous, intraarticular, and three-dimensional or four-dimensional ultrasonography were also eliminated from the analysis. All appropriate information comprising articles, PhD theses, dissertations and chapters in textbooks were considered. There were solely English and German studies covered. There was no additional restriction on the publishing year.

The included studies' general characteristics and ultrasound techniques were taken from them and examined. Using VOS viewer, a keyword analysis was also carried out.

Results

142 of the 8899 results that were returned by the search satisfied the requirements.

With a quarter of the included studies, the knee joint was the most extensively studied joint, followed by the elbow joint (10.6%) and the shoulder joint (9.2%). The methodological analysis includes 125 studies. Both the sample size and the ultrasonographer's qualifications were diverse. The probe position and the ultrasound method were precisely documented so that a reader could duplicate them in about three-quarters of the included studies (72.8%).

Conclusion

The current study, in our perspective, is the first scoping review to screen ultrasound studies on human cadaver joints. A heterogeneous field was shown by the methodological investigation. We suggest using a uniform method for conducting and presenting ultrasound examinations in future studies.

中文翻译：

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在解剖学教学中对人体尸体关节使用不同超声成像技术的优势——范围界定审查

背景

定义声解剖学的常用方法是超声成像中宏观和微观信息的相互交换。高分辨率超声早已确立，作为一种廉价且适应性强的工具至关重要，不仅在临床环境中，而且在解剖学教学中也是如此。超声检查的早期应用为医学生带来了一些好处：他们可以更好地了解解剖学并学习如何使用它。

方法

我们进行了全面的文献综述，在以下数据库中发现了相关研究：MEDLINE、EMBASE、CENTRAL、BIOSIS Previews 和 Web of Science Core Collection。灰色文献也有两种不同的考虑方式：（1）关于灰色文献数据库：国家灰色文献馆藏。(2) 对于博士论文，通过结合搜索字符串中使用的关键词，在数据库 EThOS 和 Open AccessTheses and Dissertations 中筛选相关研究。

扫描了所有相关论文的参考文献列表。检索过程于 2023 年 1 月 3 日进行。检索字符串是在专业图书馆员的帮助下开发并最终由专业图书馆员检查的。

仅包括对人类尸体的超声研究，不包括动物或模型。如果研究的主题是联合的，则该文章被包括在内。仅包括 B 型超声，而排除弹性超声检查、多普勒超声检查和定量方法（包括声速、反向散射衰减等）。血管内、骨内、关节内和三维或四维超声检查也从分析中排除。考虑了所有适当的信息，包括文章、博士论文、学位论文和教科书中的章节。仅涉及英语和德语研究。出版年份没有额外限制。

纳入研究的一般特征和超声技术来自于它们并进行了检查。使用 VOS 查看器还进行了关键词分析。

结果

搜索返回的 8899 条结果中有 142 条满足要求。

在四分之一的纳入研究中，膝关节是研究最广泛的关节，其次是肘关节（10.6%）和肩关节（9.2%）。方法学分析包括 125 项研究。样本量和超声医师的资质各不相同。探头位置和超声方法均被精确记录，以便读者可以在大约四分之三（72.8%）的纳入研究中重复它们。

结论

在我们看来，当前的研究是第一个筛选人体尸体关节超声研究的范围审查。方法学研究显示出一个异质领域。我们建议在未来的研究中使用统一的方法进行和呈现超声检查。