Invasive annual grasses, such as medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski), have invaded tens of millions of hectares of the sagebrush ecosystem. These invasions severely reduce ecosystem goods and services provided, as well as increase the probability of frequent, large wildfires. Revegetation of invasive annual grass−invaded rangeland with perennial bunchgrasses is critical to reversing these negative consequences. Short-term evaluations of revegetation efforts have shown promising results. However, long-term evaluations of revegetation efforts in medusahead-invaded rangelands are lacking, so it remains unknown if revegetation attempts in these invaded rangelands have persistent effects. We evaluated the effects of controlling medusahead with prescribed burning and imazapic application followed 1 yr later with drill-seeding large perennial bunchgrasses at two seeding rates (medium and high) for more than a decade post seeding. Large perennial bunchgrass cover and density was > 16- and > 4-fold greater in revegetation treatments compared with the untreated control 11 yr after seeding, respectively. Invasive annual grass abundance was ∼twofold greater in the untreated control compared with the revegetation treatments. These results suggest that revegetation efforts in medusahead-invaded rangelands can have persistent ecological benefits (increased perennials and decreased invasive annuals). The high seeding rate resulted in more perennial bunchgrass and less invasive annual grass compared with the medium seeding rate over the duration of the study, suggesting that high seeding rates may be needed to maximize benefits. Revegetation of medusahead-invaded rangelands can have long-lasting effects, though high establishment of perennial bunchgrasses is likely necessary for success.

一年生入侵性草本植物，例如水母草（Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski），已经入侵了数千万公顷的山艾生态系统。这些入侵严重减少了生态系统提供的产品和服务，并增加了频繁发生大规模野火的可能性。用多年生束草对入侵性一年生草入侵的牧场进行植被恢复对于扭转这些负面后果至关重要。对植被恢复工作的短期评估显示出有希望的结果。然而，缺乏对水母入侵牧场的植被恢复工作的长期评估，因此尚不清楚这些入侵牧场的植被恢复尝试是否会产生持久影响。我们评估了通过规定的燃烧和甲马草应用来控制水母的效果，一年后，在播种后十多年中，以两种播种量（中和高）条播大型多年生束草。播种后 11 年，与未处理的对照相比，重新植被处理中的大型多年生束草覆盖率和密度分别高出 16 倍和 4 倍以上。与重新植被处理相比，未经处理的对照中一年生入侵草丰度增加了一倍。这些结果表明，在水母入侵的牧场中进行植被恢复工作可以产生持久的生态效益（增加多年生植物并减少一年生入侵植物）。在研究期间，与中等播种量相比，高播种量导致了更多的多年生束草和更少的侵入性一年生草，这表明可能需要高播种量才能最大化效益。对水母入侵的牧场进行植被恢复可能会产生长期影响，但要想成功，可能需要大量种植多年生束草。