This study investigates synergies between individual and national variables that promote opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship with a framework based on the national system of entrepreneurship. A qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets of 39 country cases shows that institutional or individual cognitive elements are not necessary for high-opportunity or high-necessity entrepreneurship but that enhancing entrepreneurs’ ability perceptions play a universal role. The study's findings reveal optimal pathways that combine the institutional environment and individual perceptions to promote the synergistic development of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship and reduce differences in entrepreneurial activities between countries.

本研究在基于国家创业体系的框架下调查了个人和国家变量之间促进机会和必要创业的协同作用。对39个国家案例模糊集的定性比较分析表明，制度或个人认知因素对于高机会或高必要性创业来说并不是必需的，但增强企业家的能力认知却发挥着普遍作用。研究结果揭示了结合制度环境和个人认知的最佳路径，促进机会创业和必要创业协同发展，减少各国创业活动差异。