Aquaculture and industrial activities have been recognized for their detrimental impact on coastal environment, particularly through large-scale mangrove conversion. This study employs interdisciplinary spatial, geochemical, and metagenomic approaches to examine the environmental legacy of past aquaculture and industrial activities in mangrove rehabilitation areas. The land use change of mangrove, aquaculture, and industrial area was investigated from 1990 to 2020. Mangrove coverage increased in the study area from 49.12 ha in year 1990 to 95.93 ha in 2020. This growth can be attributed to increasing environmental awareness related to issues such as tidal flooding, seawater intrusion, and coastal abrasion. However, despite increasing mangrove coverage, we still identified fecal bacteria communities in both sites, dominated by Campylobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria. Additionally, our functional prediction analysis revealed the presence of genes associated with pathogenicity, multidrug/antibiotic resistance, and xenobiotic degradation. We observed high nitrate concentration associated with aquaculture waste that was persistent in porewater even after the activity ended years ago. Low to moderate heavy metal concentration was found in the study sites, likely due to the role of mangroves as a biofilter. We conclude that mangrove restoration contributes to the lower environmental impact of anthropogenic activities on our sites. Therefore, it should be included in future coastal management plans to improve coastal water quality and ecosystem function in environmentally threatened areas.

人们已经认识到水产养殖和工业活动对沿海环境产生有害影响，特别是通过大规模红树林转变。本研究采用跨学科的空间、地球化学和宏基因组方法来研究红树林恢复地区过去水产养殖和工业活动的环境遗产。对1990年至2020年红树林、水产养殖和工业区的土地利用变化进行了调查。研究区域的红树林覆盖面积从1990年的49.12公顷增加到2020年的95.93公顷。这种增长可归因于与问题相关的环境意识的增强例如潮汐泛滥、海水入侵、海岸磨损等。然而，尽管红树林覆盖率不断增加，我们仍然在这两个地点发现了粪便细菌群落，主要是弯曲菌门、伽马变形菌门和德尔塔变形菌门。此外，我们的功能预测分析揭示了与致病性、多药/抗生素耐药性和外源性降解相关的基因的存在。我们观察到与水产养殖废物相关的高硝酸盐浓度即使在几年前活动结束后仍然存在于孔隙水中。研究地点发现了低至中等重金属浓度，这可能是由于红树林作为生物过滤器的作用所致。我们的结论是，红树林的恢复有助于减少人类活动对我们场地的环境影响。因此，应将其纳入未来的沿海管理计划中，以改善环境受威胁地区的沿海水质和生态系统功能。