Rohu, Labeo rohita, is one of the most important aquaculture species in the Indian subcontinent. Understanding the molecular-level physiological responses to thermal stress or climate change is essential. In the present work, transcriptome sequencing was carried out in the muscle tissue of the rohu in response to heat stress (35 °C) in comparison with the control (28 °C). A total of 125 Gb of sequence data was generated, and the raw-reads were filtered and trimmed, which resulted in 484 million quality reads. Reference-based assembly of reads was performed using L. rohita genome, and a total of 90.17% of reads were successfully mapped. A total of 37,462 contigs were assembled with an N50 value of 1854. The differential expression analysis revealed a total of 107 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (15 up-, 37 down-, and 55 neutrally regulated) as compared to the control group (Log2FC > 2, P < 0.05). Gene enrichment analysis of DEGs indicates that transcripts were associated with molecular, biological, and cellular activities. The randomly selected differentially expressed transcripts were validated by RT-qPCR and found consistent expression patterns in line with the RNA-seq data. Several transcripts such as SERPINE1(HSP47), HSP70, HSP90alpha, Rano class II histocompatibility A beta, PGC-1 and ERR-induced regulator, proto-oncogene c-Fos, myozenin2, alpha-crystallin B chain-like protein, angiopoietin-like protein 8, and acetyl-CoA carboxylases have been identified in muscle tissue of rohu that are associated with stress/immunity. This study identified the key biomarker SERPINE1 (HSP47), which showed significant upregulation (~ 2- to threefold) in muscle tissue of rohu exposed to high temperature. This study can pave a path for the identification of stress-responsive biomarkers linked with thermal adaptations in the farmed carps.

南亚野鲮（Labeo rohita）是印度次大陆最重要的水产养殖品种之一。了解分子水平对热应激或气候变化的生理反应至关重要。在目前的工作中，我们在南亚野鲮的肌肉组织中进行了转录组测序，以响应热应激（35°C）并与对照（28°C）进行比较。总共生成了 125 Gb 的序列数据，并对原始读数进行了过滤和修剪，从而产生了 4.84 亿个优质读数。使用L. rohita基因组进行基于参考的reads组装，总共90.17%的reads被成功映射。总共组装了 37,462 个重叠群，N50 值为 1854。差异表达分析显示，与对照组相比，共有 107 个差异表达基因 (DEG)（15 个上调、37 个下调和 55 个中性调节）（ Log2FC > 2，P  < 0.05）。DEG 的基因富集分析表明转录本与分子、生物和细胞活性相关。随机选择的差异表达转录本通过 RT-qPCR 进行验证，发现与 RNA-seq 数据一致的表达模式。SERPINE1(HSP47)、HSP70、HSP90α、Rano II类组织相容性Aβ、PGC-1和ERR诱导调节因子、原癌基因c-Fos、myozenin2、α-晶状体蛋白B链样蛋白、血管生成素样等多种转录本已在南亚野鲮的肌肉组织中鉴定出与应激/免疫相关的蛋白质 8和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶。这项研究确定了关键生物标志物SERPINE1 (HSP47)，该标志物在暴露于高温的南亚野鲮肌肉组织中表现出显着上调（约 2 至三倍）。这项研究可以为识别与养殖鲤鱼的热适应相关的应激反应生物标志物铺平道路。