Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are becoming increasingly important for various crucial applications, including antimicrobial, anticancer, catalytic, and anti-inflammatory. AgNPs biosynthesized from plant extracts have attracted considerable attention because of their eco-friendliness, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and stability. This study investigated the potential of using fruit and leaf extracts of the medicinal plant Azadirachta indica as a capping and reducing agent for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The size, shape, and optical properties of AgNPs significantly affect their chemical, physical, and biological activity. Therefore, this study optimized the biosynthesis conditions as a first attempt for A. indica fruit extracts to produce AgNPs with precise morphology. Subsequently, the biologically manufactured AgNPs were characterized using suitable techniques. Their potential anticancer activities were examined against in vitro human lung and breast cancer (H1975 and MCF-7) cell lines. The AgNPs were stable, with a high yield and a spherical shape, ranging in size from 14 to 19 nm and exhibiting an absorption band between 420 and 440 nm. The AgNPs biosynthesized using A. indica fruit and leaf extracts were shown to be highly toxic against in vitro H1975, with IC₅₀ of 62.2 and 91 µg/mL, respectively. The IC₅₀ values were 67.5 and 68.7 µg/mL when testing against the MCF-7 cells. These findings suggest that plant-derived nanoparticles have enormous potential for future biomedical applications, which warrants further investigation.

中文翻译：

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使用印楝果和叶提取物生物合成银纳米粒子：优化、表征和抗癌活性

银纳米粒子 (AgNP) 对于各种关键应用变得越来越重要，包括抗菌、抗癌、催化和抗炎。由植物提取物生物合成的纳米银颗粒因其环保、简单、成本效益和稳定性而引起了广泛关注。本研究调查了使用药用植物印楝的果实和叶子提取物作为 AgNP 生物合成的封端剂和还原剂的潜力。AgNP 的尺寸、形状和光学性质显着影响其化学、物理和生物活性。因此，本研究优化了生物合成条件，作为A. indica果实提取物生产具有精确形态的AgNPs的首次尝试。随后，使用合适的技术对生物制造的 AgNP 进行了表征。在体外人肺癌和乳腺癌（H1975 和 MCF-7）细胞系中检查了它们的潜在抗癌活性。AgNPs 稳定，产率高，形状为球形，尺寸范围为 14 至 19 nm，吸收带在 420 至 440 nm 之间。使用A. indica果实和叶子提取物生物合成的 AgNP在体外对 H1975 具有高毒性，IC ₅₀分别为 62.2 和 91  µ g/mL。针对 MCF-7 细胞进行测试时，IC ₅₀值为 67.5 和 68.7  µg /mL。这些发现表明植物源纳米粒子在未来的生物医学应用中具有巨大的潜力，值得进一步研究。