The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) affects the retinal pigment epithelium's natural homeostasis. According to observations from around the world, numerous oculopathies, including proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and other macular degenerative illnesses such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), have been linked to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelium (EMT of RPE). Retinopathy is referred to as an impairment in the retina, where AMD is characterized as an alteration in the macula region, DR as an impairment in the microvascular system, and PVR as an alteration in the subretinal bands, fibrovascular membranes, and fibrotic alteration in the detached retina. To find molecular targets and therapeutic drugs to protect and restore RPE function, a connection between EMT-related signaling pathways and RPE degeneration must be established. Studies conducted in vivo and in vitro indicate that several signaling pathways, including the Rho pathway, the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway, the Jagged/Notch pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, are activated in RPE cells during PVR and AMD. In order to discover the most suitable candidate for retinopathy therapies, it is necessary to determine the relationship between the regulators of the EMT and the degeneration of the RPE. To treat retinopathies, particularly those that are brought on by the EMT of retinal pigment epithelial cells, it is necessary to investigate prospective pharmaceutical candidates. TGFβ's intracellular cascade, which comprises both canonical (SMAD-associated) and non-canonical (SMAD-nonassociated) pathways, is shown to be the most active signaling pathway in the degeneration of the RPE caused by EMT.

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视网膜色素上皮上皮-间质转化的调节及其相关的细胞信号级联：最新综述

上皮间质转化（EMT）影响视网膜色素上皮的自然稳态。根据世界各地的观察，许多眼部疾病，包括增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）、糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）和其他黄斑变性疾病，例如年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD），都与视网膜上皮-间质转化有关。视网膜色素上皮（RPE 的 EMT）。视网膜病变是指视网膜的损伤，其中 AMD 的特征是黄斑区域的改变，DR 是微血管系统的损伤，PVR 是视网膜下带、纤维血管膜的改变以及视网膜纤维化改变。视网膜脱落。为了找到保护和恢复 RPE 功能的分子靶点和治疗药物，必须建立 EMT 相关信号通路和 RPE 退化之间的联系。体内和体外研究表明，多种信号通路，包括 Rho 通路、转化生长因子-β (TGFβ) 通路、Jagged/Notch 通路、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 依赖性通路和 Wnt/ β-连环蛋白途径在 PVR 和 AMD 期间在 RPE 细胞中被激活。为了发现最适合视网膜病变治疗的候选药物，有必要确定 EMT 调节因子与 RPE 变性之间的关系。为了治疗视网膜病变，特别是由视网膜色素上皮细胞 EMT 引起的视网膜病变，有必要研究潜在的候选药物。TGFβ 的细胞内级联包含经典（SMAD 相关）和非经典（SMAD 非相关）途径，被证明是 EMT 引起的 RPE 变性中最活跃的信号传导途径。