In the past decade, several species of platygastroid wasps were found to be adventive in North America and Europe while under evaluation in quarantine as biological control agents of invasive pests. The scope and relative risk of this phenomenon is not fully known, but it is clearly a trend with implications for classical biological control. As a means of assessing the issue and to provide a global baseline, we implemented a data-mining approach with DNA sequences in the Barcode of Life Database, yielding 201 platygastroid BINs with intercontinental and island distributions. At least fifty-five BINs displayed exact COI barcode matches across continents, with many more BINs scored as inconclusive due to sequence length variation. These intercontinental and island BINs include biocontrol agents known to be adventive, as well as many species identified only to genus with uncertain geographic origins. We provide 2,500 identifications for platygastroid BOLD BINs, 88% to genus, to encourage additional research on this distributional phenomenon. The intercontinental BOLD BINs were compared to literature records and GBIF occurrences of cosmopolitan species to identify gaps and discordance across data sources. Smaller COI barcode datasets from localities in Florida and Germany, including topotypical specimens, revealed more intercontinental matches. We analyzed COI sequences in BOLD for the entirety of Insecta and Araneae to assess this phenomenon more broadly and because these taxa contain many hosts for platygastroid wasps. This method revealed that the intercontinental distribution phenomenon is widespread with implications for assessing biological diversity, taxonomic methodology and regulatory frameworks.

中文翻译：

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挖掘生物多样性数据库建立了国际昆虫纲 mOTU 的全球基线：扁腹总科（膜翅目）案例研究对生物控制计划的影响

 在过去的十年中，在北美和欧洲发现了几种扁腹黄蜂的外来物种，同时作为入侵害虫的生物防治剂进行检疫评估。这种现象的范围和相对风险尚不完全清楚，但它显然是一种对经典生物控制具有影响的趋势。作为评估该问题并提供全球基线的一种手段，我们利用生命条码数据库中的 DNA 序列实施了数据挖掘方法，产生了 201 个具有洲际和岛屿分布的扁腹类 BIN。至少有 55 个 BIN 显示了跨大洲的 COI 条形码的精确匹配，还有更多的 BIN 由于序列长度变化而被评分为不确定。这些洲际和岛屿 BIN 包括已知的外来生物防治剂，以及许多仅鉴定为地理起源不确定的属的物种。我们提供了 2,500 个扁腹科 BOLD BIN 识别信息，其中 88% 为属，以鼓励对这种分布现象进行更多研究。将洲际 BOLD BIN 与世界性物种的文献记录和 GBIF 发生率进行比较，以确定数据源之间的差距和不一致。来自佛罗里达州和德国地区的较小 COI 条形码数据集（包括典型标本）揭示了更多的洲际匹配。我们分析了整个昆虫纲和蜘蛛目的 COI 序列，以更广泛地评估这种现象，因为这些类群包含许多扁腹黄蜂的宿主。该方法揭示了洲际分布现象广泛存在，对评估生物多样性、分类方法和监管框架具有重要意义。