Inclusive conservation approaches that effectively conserve biodiversity while improving human well-being are gaining traction in the face of the sixth mass extinction of biodiversity. Despite much theorization on the governance of inclusive conservation, empirical research on its practical implementation is urgently needed. Here, using a correlation network analysis and drawing on empirical results from 263 sites described on the web platform of the PANORAMA initiative (IUCN), we inductively identified global clusters of conservation outcomes in protected and conserved areas. These clusters represent five conservation foci or archetypes, namely (i) community-based conservation, (ii) sustainable management, (iii) conflict resolution, (iv) multi-level and co-governance, and (v) environmental protection and nature’s contribution to people. Our empirical approach further revealed that some dimensions of inclusive conservation are crucial as leverage points to manage protected areas related to these clusters successfully, namely improvements in the socio-cultural context and social cohesion, enhancing the status and participation of youth, women, and minorities, improved human health, empowerment of local communities, or reestablishment of dialogue and trust. We highlight inclusive interventions such as education and capacity building, development of alliances and partnerships, and enabling sustainable livelihoods, or governance arrangements led by Indigenous peoples and local communities or private actors, as levers to promote positive transformations in the social-ecological systems of protected areas. We argue that although some of the leverage points we identified are less targeted in current protected area management, they can represent powerful areas of intervention to enhance social and ecological outcomes in protected areas.

The post Leverage points and levers of inclusive conservation in protected areas first appeared on Ecology & Society.

面对第六次生物多样性大规模灭绝，有效保护生物多样性同时改善人类福祉的包容性保护方法越来越受到关注。尽管关于包容性保护的治理有很多理论，但迫切需要对其实际实施进行实证研究。在这里，我们利用相关网络分析并利用 PANORAMA 倡议 (IUCN) 网络平台上描述的 263 个站点的实证结果，归纳确定了受保护和保留地区的全球保护成果集群。这些集群代表了五个保护焦点或原型，即（i）以社区为基础的保护，（ii）可持续管理，（iii）解决冲突，（iv）多层次和共同治理，以及（v）环境保护和自然的贡献对人民。我们的实证方法进一步表明，包容性保护的某些方面对于成功管理与这些集群相关的保护区至关重要，即改善社会文化背景和社会凝聚力，提高青年、妇女和少数群体的地位和参与、改善人类健康、赋予当地社区权力或重建对话和信任。我们强调包容性干预措施，例如教育和能力建设、发展联盟和伙伴关系、实现可持续生计或由土著人民和当地社区或私人行为者主导的治理安排，作为促进受保护地区社会生态系统积极转型的杠杆。地区。我们认为，尽管我们确定的一些杠杆点在当前保护区管理中针对性较差，但它们可以代表强有力的干预领域，以增强保护区的社会和生态成果。

保护区包容性保护的杠杆点和杠杆后文章首次出现在《生态与社会》上。