A variety of cell behaviors, such as cell adhesion, motility, and fate, can be controlled by substrate characteristics such as surface topology and chemistry. In particular, the surface topology of substrates strongly affects cell behaviors, and the topological spacing is a critical factor in inducing cell responses. Various works have demonstrated that cell adhesion was enhanced with decreasing topological spacing although differentiation progressed slowly. However, there are exceptions, and thus, correlations between topological spacing and cell responses are still debated. We show that a nanoporous gold substrate affected cell adhesion while it neither affected osteogenic nor adipogenic differentiation. In addition, the cell adhesion was reduced with decreasing pore size. These do not agree with previous findings. A focal adhesion (FA) is an aggregate of modules comprising specific proteins such as FA kinase, talin, and vinculin. Therefore, it is suggested that because various extracellular signals can be independently branched off from the FA modules, the unusual effects of nanoporous gold substrates are related to the multi-branching of FAs.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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由于粘着斑的独立多分支信号传导，纳米多孔金基质对细胞粘附和分化产生异常影响

多种细胞行为，例如细胞粘附、运动和命运，可以通过表面拓扑和化学等基质特性来控制。特别是，基底的表面拓扑结构强烈影响细胞行为，而拓扑间距是诱导细胞反应的关键因素。各种工作表明，尽管分化进展缓慢，但细胞粘附随着拓扑间距的减小而增强。然而，也有例外，因此，拓扑间距和细胞反应之间的相关性仍然存在争议。我们发现纳米多孔金基质影响细胞粘附，但它既不影响成骨分化也不影响脂肪形成分化。此外，细胞粘附随着孔径的减小而降低。这些与之前的发现并不相符。粘着斑 (FA) 是包含特定蛋白质（例如 FA 激酶、talin 和纽蛋白）的模块的聚集体。因此，有人认为，由于各种细胞外信号可以从 FA 模块中独立分支出来，纳米多孔金基底的异常效应与 FA 的多分支有关。

图形概要