With the widespread use of large artificial intelligence (AI) models such as ChatGPT, AI-generated content (AIGC) has garnered increasing attention and is leading a paradigm shift in content creation and knowledge representation. AIGC uses generative large AI algorithms to assist or replace humans in creating massive, high-quality, and human-like content at a faster pace and lower cost, based on user-provided prompts. Despite the recent significant progress in AIGC, security, privacy, ethical, and legal challenges still need to be addressed. This paper presents an in-depth survey of working principles, security and privacy threats, state-of-the-art solutions, and future challenges of the AIGC paradigm. Specifically, we first explore the enabling technologies, general architecture of AIGC, and discuss its working modes and key characteristics. Then, we investigate the taxonomy of security and privacy threats to AIGC and highlight the ethical and societal implications of GPT and AIGC technologies. Furthermore, we review the state-of-the-art AIGC watermarking approaches for regulatable AIGC paradigms regarding the AIGC model and its produced content. Finally, we identify future challenges and open research directions related to AIGC.

中文翻译：

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ChatGPT 调查：人工智能生成的内容、挑战和解决方案

随着 ChatGPT 等大型人工智能 (AI) 模型的广泛使用，人工智能生成内容 (AIGC) 受到越来越多的关注，并正在引领内容创建和知识表示的范式转变。AIGC利用生成式大型人工智能算法，根据用户提供的提示，协助或替代人类以更快的速度、更低的成本创建海量、高质量、类人的内容。尽管 AIGC 最近取得了重大进展，但安全、隐私、道德和法律挑战仍然需要解决。本文对 AIGC 范式的工作原理、安全和隐私威胁、最先进的解决方案以及未来的挑战进行了深入调查。具体来说，我们首先探讨AIGC的使能技术、总体架构，并讨论其工作模式和关键特征。然后，我们研究 AIGC 的安全和隐私威胁的分类，并强调 GPT 和 AIGC 技术的道德和社会影响。此外，我们回顾了有关 AIGC 模型及其生成内容的可监管 AIGC 范式的最先进的 AIGC 水印方法。最后，我们确定了与 AIGC 相关的未来挑战和开放研究方向。