Human–wildlife conflicts (HWC) predominate in areas proximal to wildlife rich protected zones. Whereas herbivore driven HWC is easy to detect, the stealth, nocturnal and predacious nature of carnivores leads to human injury and fatality, livestock depredation and loss of livelihoods in communities proximal to Sengwa Wildlife Research Area (SWRA) in northwest Zimbabwe. This study aimed to: (1) determine the nature of human–hyaena conflicts (HHCs), (2) explore the drivers of HHCs and (3) investigate the spatial and temporal movement patterns of hyaenas in HHC hotspots in areas proximal to SWRA. The results indicated that prevalent HHC types include livestock depredation, property damage, harassment, nuisance and disruption of human movements around SWRA. Locals indicated removal of park fences, human settlement on wildlife migration corridors, increases in hyaena populations, easy stray livestock targets, increased poaching and removal of natural wildlife death carcasses by illegal hunters as key drivers of HHC. Hyaenas have a predetermined non-seasonal movement pattern following traditional wildlife migration corridors through SWRA into proximal communities. Human–hyaena conflict abatement strategies should be underpinned by indigenous local knowledge of hyaena movement and hunting patterns. Integrating citizen science data and remote sensing techniques aids to track and understand movement and hunting patterns of hyaenas inside and outside of protected areas.

中文翻译：

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保护区周围人类与鬣狗冲突的动态和决定因素

人类与野生动物冲突 (HWC) 在靠近野生动物丰富的保护区的地区占主导地位。虽然食草动物驱动的 HWC 很容易被发现，但食肉动物的隐秘性、夜间活动和掠食性会导致津巴布韦西北部森瓦野生动物研究区 (SWRA) 附近社区的人员伤亡、牲畜掠夺和生计丧失。本研究旨在：(1) 确定人类与鬣狗冲突 (HHC) 的性质，(2) 探索 HHC 的驱动因素，(3) 研究靠近 SWRA 的 HHC 热点地区鬣狗的空间和时间运动模式。结果表明，普遍存在的 HHC 类型包括掠夺牲畜、财产损失、骚扰、滋扰以及扰乱 SWRA 周围的人类活动。当地人表示，公园围栏的拆除、野生动物迁徙走廊上的人类住区、鬣狗数量的增加、容易成为流浪牲畜的目标、非法狩猎者偷猎和清除野生动物自然死亡尸体的增加是 HHC 的主要驱动因素。鬣狗具有预定的非季节性运动模式，遵循传统的野生动物迁徙走廊，通过 SWRA 进入邻近社区。人类与鬣狗冲突的缓解策略应以当地对鬣狗运动和狩猎模式的了解为基础。整合公民科学数据和遥感技术有助于跟踪和了解鬣狗在保护区内外的移动和狩猎模式。