Large transboundary protected areas such as the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA-TFCA), improve mammal conservation by addressing biodiversity threats on regional and international levels, but an adequate understanding of mammal space use and richness within protected areas is critical for effective management planning. This information has however been missing from the Angolan component of the KAZA-TFCA, such as areas of Luengue-Luiana National Park (LLNP), especially compared with neighbouring countries. We used camera trap data from 2021 to 2023 to investigate species richness of medium- and large-sized mammals in two hotspot areas of LLNP, as well as assess the space use patterns of 9 carnivore and 16 herbivore species. A total of 48 species were recorded over 10,781 camera trapping nights, with African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and small antelope (e.g. common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia and steenbok Raphicerus campestris) being the most common. Species composition differed significantly between sites, with 21 species more relatively abundant at Ndunjuru, including cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), and eight species more relatively abundant at Bico, including lion (Panthera leo) and hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). The detection probability of 22 species were affected by one or more ecological (e.g. proximity to rivers) or anthropogenic (e.g. human settlement) covariate. These results are intended to act as a baseline to monitor conservation effort and aid habitat management in LLNP, as well as similar protected areas within the KAZA-TFCA and elsewhere.

中文翻译：

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评估卡万戈-赞比西跨境保护区安哥拉大草原林地哺乳动物空间利用和丰富度的模式和驱动因素

卡万戈-赞比西跨境保护区 (KAZA-TFCA) 等大型跨境保护区通过解决区域和国际层面的生物多样性威胁来改善哺乳动物保护，但充分了解保护区内哺乳动物空间利用和丰富度对于有效管理至关重要规划。然而，KAZA-TFCA 的安哥拉部分缺少这一信息，例如 Luengue-Luiana 国家公园 (LLNP) 地区，特别是与邻国相比。我们利用 2021 年至 2023 年的相机陷阱数据调查了 LLNP 两个热点区域中型和大型哺乳动物的物种丰富度，并评估了 9 种肉食动物和 16 种草食动物的空间利用模式。在 10,781 个相机捕捉夜晚中，总共记录了 48 个物种，其中非洲象（Loxodonta africana）和小羚羊（例如普通小羚羊Sylvicapra grimmia和小羚羊Raphicerus Campestris）是最常见的。不同地点的物种组成差异显着，Ndunjuru 有 21 个物种相对丰富，包括猎豹 ( Acinonyx jubatus ) 和非洲野狗 ( Lycaon pictus )，比科有 8 个物种相对丰富，包括狮子 ( Panthera leo ) 和河马 ( Hippopotamus )两栖类）。22 个物种的检测概率受到一种或多种生态（例如靠近河流）或人为（例如人类居住）协变量的影响。这些结果旨在作为监测 LLNP 以及 KAZA-TFCA 和其他地方类似保护区的保护工作和帮助栖息地管理的基线。